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All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. 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Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/0d5f00c2-dd5f-415a-a415-7f07a4c9c822.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0003","@type":"sc:Range","label":"b: Blank page.","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/245ef81e-35ab-4c10-944d-b17674f41c58.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"b"},{"label":"Description","value":"Blank page."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/245ef81e-35ab-4c10-944d-b17674f41c58.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0004","@type":"sc:Range","label":"A: Blank page.","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/7b7d3632-9e61-418e-95d8-a98373830d58.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"A"},{"label":"Description","value":"Blank page."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/7b7d3632-9e61-418e-95d8-a98373830d58.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0005","@type":"sc:Range","label":"B: Blank page.","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/3fede2c2-a297-4bf5-8eab-fa4ca5d7f111.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"B"},{"label":"Description","value":"Blank page."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/3fede2c2-a297-4bf5-8eab-fa4ca5d7f111.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0006","@type":"sc:Range","label":"p. 001: Obverse. Book I. Starting at bottom. Band v (left to right; very damaged, some disappearing scenes were reconstructed thanks to coloured drawings...","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/aa99d7ff-e26f-4357-8008-a46c32f3f09e.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"p. 001"},{"label":"Description","value":"Obverse. Book I. Starting at bottom. Band v (left to right; very damaged, some disappearing scenes were reconstructed thanks to coloured drawings made in the 19th century for Antiquities of Mexico, ed. by Lord Kingsborough, London 1830-48). Three dates, too damaged to reconstruct refer to sacred time of origin. Pochote (or thorny ceiba tree) with flames above (expressing its sacredness). From this tree was born Lady 1 Death 'Sun Fan'. She was protected by two powerful spirits, Lord 4 Alligator 'Coyote Serpent' and [Lord 11 Alligator 'Jaguar Serpent'. All went to an important shrine on the Mountain of Heaven, near the village of Yuta Tnoho (Apoala). The axe next to the sign for heaven helps to identify the place as Cavua ('rock') Caa ('which rises into' or 'where is stretched out') Andevui ('heaven'), a dominant peak east of the village. Lord 4 Alligator 'Coyote Serpent' and Lord 11 Alligator 'Jaguar Serpent' offered precious gifts to a priest of Lord 4 Serpent-7 Serpent, the Patron deity of Ñuu Tnoo, who in turn spoke to them and gave them tobacco, a priest's tunic, jade and quetzal feathers. Band iv (right to left). As a result of this interaction, in the year 5 Reed (939), on the day 6 Alligator (date appears at end of band v), both lords instructed Lady 1 Death to leave the Place of Heaven. Before we hear where she went, a new lineage is introduced, associated with the sacred date year 5 Flint day 7 Flower', 'when the first day was born from earth', i.e. at the dawn of time.] The date actually consists of a combination of calendar names of the founding couple then depicted on p. 1: Lord 5 Flint 'Jaguar from the Tree' and Lady 7 Flower 'White Flower', ruling at Temple of Pearls, the Temple of Earthquakes. Their son was Lord 4 Alligator 'Blood Eagle', born in the Land of the Rain God, Ñuu Dzaui. Band iii (left to right). It was with him that Lady 1 Death contracted matrimony on the day 6 Jaguar, eve of the ritually important day 7 Eagle, of the year 6 Flint (940). They had one daughter: Lady 1 Vulture 'Cloud Jewel'. Then the nine other leading couples of the region came together to found the village-state of Ñuu Tnoo. 1) Lord 5 Serpent 'Performer of Self-Sacrifice for the Earth' and Lady 8 Flower 'Blood of the Town of Darkness', ruled the Place of Ceremonies in Ñuu Tnoo. [2)Lord 10 Dog 'War Foot' and Lady 8 Grass 'Cloud of Ñuu Dzaui' ruled the Place Where the Sacred Arrow is Kept. 3) Lord 6 Movement 'Arrow' and Lady 9 House 'Sacred Seed of the Cave' were seated in the Cave of Clouds or the Cave of the Spring and the Tree. Its sacred date was year 7 Flint, day 9 House. Band ii (right to left). 4) The son of Lord 6 Movement and lady 9 House, Lord 5 Reed 'Born in War', married Lady 1 Flint 'Fire Serpent Jewel', the daughter of Lord 4 Rain 'Down-ball Quetzal' and Lady 7 Flower 'Eagle Wing', who ruled Stone of the Red and White Bundle. 5) the daughter of Lord 5 Reed and Lady 1 Flint was Lady 7 Death 'Fire Fan'. She married Lord 3 Rain 'Staff of Marks in the Ballcourt', ruler of Añute (Jaltepec).] Lord 4 Flower married Lady 3 Rain (not mentioned in Jansen and Perez Jimenez publication-surnames to be defined). 6) Lord 10 Flint 'Skull' from the ancient Dark Altar married Lady 8 Death 'Quetzal, Performing Self-Sacrifice for the Earth'. Band i (left to right). 7) In Temple of the Plant ruled Lord 7 Flower 'Jaguar, Mountain Bird' and Lady 5 Flint 'Cave Lady'. 8) Lord 10 Movement 'Flower Shield' and Lady 1 Movement 'Quetzal ruled Valley of Mud. [9) Lord 4 Lizard 'Serpent that Carries the Sky' and Lady 8 House 'Visible on Earth' ruled Town of the Drum. Apparently Lord 4 Alligator had succeeded in bringing their lineages together and so integrated the power base of what was to become the kingdom of Ñuu Tnoo."},{"label":"Description","value":"Written in boustrophedon manner, using pictography. 20 of these pages out of 23 are painted on both sides. The pages on the obverse side are numbered in the correct order, 1-20, but those on the reverse side run backwards 40-21, while the horizontal bands are indicated with Roman numerals from the top down: i-v. Due to the boustrophedon pattern, these numbers do not always correspond to the reading sequence. Each band on the obverse side extends over the full opening. As these photographs feature only one page at a time, half the narrative is missing and one needs to have the two facing pages to see it in full. The description therefore is concerned with the full opening, but what features on the facing page appears in square brackets. This book consists of strips of deerskin, glued together, covered with stucco, and folded into 23 pages approximately 250 mm high by 280 mm wide. The obverse side describes the development of the royal lineage of Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) from the early 10th century onwards until the last precolonial king. In a parallel way, the reverse side focuses on the related dynasty of the village-state Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco to the Aztecs). All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/aa99d7ff-e26f-4357-8008-a46c32f3f09e.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0007","@type":"sc:Range","label":"p. 002: Obverse. Book I. Starting at bottom. [Band v (left to right; very damaged, some disappearing scenes were reconstructed thanks to coloured drawings...","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/519dad07-8402-41f5-981d-a0a58974ccf6.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"p. 002"},{"label":"Description","value":"Obverse. Book I. Starting at bottom. [Band v (left to right; very damaged, some disappearing scenes were reconstructed thanks to coloured drawings made in the 19th century for Antiquities of Mexico, ed. by Lord Kingsborough, London 1830-48). Three dates, too damaged to reconstruct refer to sacred time of origin. Pochote (or thorny ceiba tree) with flames above (expressing its sacredness). From this tree was born Lady 1 Death 'Sun Fan'. She was protected by two powerful spirits, Lord 4 Alligator 'Coyote Serpent' and] Lord 11 Alligator 'Jaguar Serpent'. All went to an important shrine on the Mountain of Heaven, near the village of Yuta Tnoho (Apoala). The axe next to the sign for heaven helps to identify the place as Cavua ('rock') Caa ('which rises into' or 'where is stretched out') Andevui ('heaven'), a dominant peak east of the village. Lord 4 Alligator 'Coyote Serpent' and Lord 11 Alligator 'Jaguar Serpent' offered precious gifts to a priest of Lord 4 Serpent-7 Serpent, the Patron deity of Ñuu Tnoo, who in turn spoke to them and gave them tobacco, a priest's tunic, jade and quetzal feathers. Band iv (right to left). As a result of this interaction, in the year 5 Reed (939), on the day 6 Alligator (date appears at end of band v), both lords instructed Lady 1 Death to leave the Place of Heaven. Before we hear where she went, a new lineage is introduced, associated with the sacred date year 5 Flint day 7 Flower', 'when the first day was born from earth', i.e. at the dawn of time.[The date actually consists of a combination of calendar names of the founding couple then depicted on p. 1: Lord 5 Flint 'Jaguar from the Tree' and Lady 7 Flower 'White Flower', ruling at Temple of Pearls, the Temple of Earthquakes. Their son was Lord 4 Alligator 'Blood Eagle', born in the Land of the Rain God, Ñuu Dzaui. Band iii (left to right). It was with him that Lady 1 Death contracted matrimony on the day 6 Jaguar, eve of the ritually important day 7 Eagle, of the year 6 Flint (940). They had one daughter: Lady 1 Vulture 'Cloud Jewel'. Then the nine other leading couples of the region came together to found the village-state of Ñuu Tnoo. 1) Lord 5 Serpent 'Performer of Self-Sacrifice for the Earth' and Lady 8 Flower 'Blood of the Town of Darkness', ruled the Place of Ceremonies in Ñuu Tnoo.] 2)Lord 10 Dog 'War Foot' and Lady 8 Grass 'Cloud of Ñuu Dzaui' ruled the Place Where the Sacred Arrow is Kept. 3) Lord 6 Movement 'Arrow' and Lady 9 House 'Sacred Seed of the Cave' were seated in the Cave of Clouds or the Cave of the Spring and the Tree. Its sacred date was year 7 Flint, day 9 House. Band ii (right to left). 4) The son of Lord 6 Movement and lady 9 House, Lord 5 Reed 'Born in War', married Lady 1 Flint 'Fire Serpent Jewel', the daughter of Lord 4 Rain 'Down-ball Quetzal' and Lady 7 Flower 'Eagle Wing', who ruled Stone of the Red and White Bundle. 5) the daughter of Lord 5 Reed and Lady 1 Flint was Lady 7 Death 'Fire Fan'. She married Lord 3 Rain 'Staff of Marks in the Ballcourt', ruler of Añute (Jaltepec).[Lord 4 Flower married Lady 3 Rain (not mentioned in Jansen and Perez Jimenez publication-surnames to be defined). 6) Lord 10 Flint 'Skull' from the ancient Dark Altar married Lady 8 Death 'Quetzal, Performing Self-Sacrifice for the Earth'. Band i (left to right). 7) In Temple of the Plant ruled Lord 7 Flower 'Jaguar, Mountain Bird' and Lady 5 Flint 'Cave Lady'. 8) Lord 10 Movement 'Flower Shield' and Lady 1 Movement 'Quetzal ruled Valley of Mud.] 9) Lord 4 Lizard 'Serpent that Carries the Sky' and Lady 8 House 'Visible on Earth' ruled Town of the Drum. Apparently Lord 4 Alligator had succeeded in bringing their lineages together and so integrated the power base of what was to become the kingdom of Ñuu Tnoo."},{"label":"Description","value":"Written in boustrophedon manner, using pictography. 20 of these pages out of 23 are painted on both sides. The pages on the obverse side are numbered in the correct order, 1-20, but those on the reverse side run backwards 40-21, while the horizontal bands are indicated with Roman numerals from the top down: i-v. Due to the boustrophedon pattern, these numbers do not always correspond to the reading sequence. Each band on the obverse side extends over the full opening. As these photographs feature only one page at a time, half the narrative is missing and one needs to have the two facing pages to see it in full. The description therefore is concerned with the full opening, but what features on the facing page appears in square brackets. This book consists of strips of deerskin, glued together, covered with stucco, and folded into 23 pages approximately 250 mm high by 280 mm wide. The obverse side describes the development of the royal lineage of Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) from the early 10th century onwards until the last precolonial king. In a parallel way, the reverse side focuses on the related dynasty of the village-state Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco to the Aztecs). All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/519dad07-8402-41f5-981d-a0a58974ccf6.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0008","@type":"sc:Range","label":"p. 003: Obverse. Book I. Starting at top (following from p. 2). Band i (left to right). [The son of Lord 10 Movement 'Arrow' and Lady 1 Rabbit 'Shield',...","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/e80baf9d-21c9-4fdb-aeba-96bbdf837807.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"p. 003"},{"label":"Description","value":"Obverse. Book I. Starting at top (following from p. 2). Band i (left to right). [The son of Lord 10 Movement 'Arrow' and Lady 1 Rabbit 'Shield', Lord 4 Rabbit 'Jaguar That Carries One Alligator in his Breast', married Lady 1 Vulture 'Cloud Jewel', the daughter of Lady 1 Death and Lord 4 Alligator, whose birth was mentioned on p. 1-iii. Three daughters were born to this couple: Lady 5 Reed 'Rain Garment from Monte Albán', Lady 10 Alligator 'War Jewel', and Lady 5 (here 4) Jaguar 'Quetzal Fan'.] The second daughter, Lady 10 Alligator was sent to the Mountain of Pearls, probably Nuu Siya (Tezoatlan), where she married Lord 9 Deer 'Jade Bone, Flute', the son of Lord 7 Movement 'Face of the Earth' and Lady 12 Serpent 'Blood Knife', the rulers of Town of the Red and White Bundle. They had a son: Lord 12 Lizard 'Arrow Feet'. Band ii (right to left). He was to marry his aunt, Lady 5 Jaguar 'Quetzal Fan', the above-mentioned third daughter of Lord 4 Rabbit and Lady 1 Vulture of Monte Albán. This new marital alliance would take the place of the former governmental structure of Monte Albán, the dynasty associated with the sacred date year 1 Rabbit day 1 Rabbit. [Before, the site had been the seat of a dual rulership: Lord 12 Lizard 'Standing Firm on Big Mountain' and Lord 12 Vulture 'Quetzal Feather from Sun Mountain'. They are represented here as a couple, as 'father and mother of the people', seated on the mat of marriage and rulership. They had four 'sons', i.e. they were assisted by four governors. These were called Lord 4 House 'Staff of Strokes', Lord 3 Monkey 'Burner of the Pyramids', Lord 10 Alligator 'Eagle' and Lord 10 Eagle 'Coyote'. Band iii (left to right). They all died in an armed conflict, described as 'the war that came from Heaven', which marked the end of the last remains of the realm of Monte Albán and the political structure of the so-called 'Classic Period' (approximately 200-900 AD). Year 12 Flint day 4 Movement, the day of the 'new sun' or 'new era', was the date of the official funerary solemnity. Lord 4 House and Lord 3 Monkey, who had both been slain in battle, were buried in the Place of Heaven, the mountain near Yuta Tnoho (Apoala), which symbolises the East. The mummy bundle of Lord 10 Eagle was deposited in the River of Ashes, Rio Nejapa, the western boundary of Ñuu Dzaui. The mummy bundle of Lord 10 Alligator was put to rest] in the Split Dark Mountain, near Tepeji, the emblematic site of the North. The remains of Lord 12 Lizard and Lord 12 Vulture themselves were buried in the Temple of Death, a large and important funerary cave in the Mountain of Small Deer, in the region of Ñuu Daya (Chalcatongo), which symbolises the South and stands under the supervision of the Death Goddess Lady 9 Grass, a deity of war. Until the day 12 Eagle or the year 6 Reed, commemorative rituals were celebrated in this Temple of Death. Band iv (right to left). Year 10 House day 1 Grass was the sacred date of Lord 10 House 'Jaguar' and Lady 1 Grass Puma', divine patrons of the Yute Coo, 'Serpent River', near Ñuu Tnoo. From this Primordial Couple descended Lord 3 Eagle 'Eagle from the Serpent Place'. He married Lady 4 Rabbit 'Garment (Virtue) of Death Town'. Her name suggests that she came from the nearby Town of Death, Dzandaya (Mitlatongo). [Lord 3 Eagle and Lord 4 Rabbit had two sons: Lord 9 Wind 'Stone Skull' and Lord 1 Monkey. The latter became the founding father of the Dzandaya (Mitlatongo) dynasty. In front of him is the Skull Mountain, which appears to represent Dzandaya. Several other places follow. Band v (left to right). Both brothers were recognised as local rulers: three priests -Lord 1 Rain, Lord 10 Death 'Cloud' and Lord 4 Dog 'Serpent-Maguey'- offered them fire, quails, and branches.]"},{"label":"Description","value":"Written in boustrophedon manner, using pictography. 20 of these pages out of 23 are painted on both sides. The pages on the obverse side are numbered in the correct order, 1-20, but those on the reverse side run backwards 40-21, while the horizontal bands are indicated with Roman numerals from the top down: i-v. Due to the boustrophedon pattern, these numbers do not always correspond to the reading sequence. Each band on the obverse side extends over the full opening. As these photographs feature only one page at a time, half the narrative is missing and one needs to have the two facing pages to see it in full. The description therefore is concerned with the full opening, but what features on the facing page appears in square brackets. This book consists of strips of deerskin, glued together, covered with stucco, and folded into 23 pages approximately 250 mm high by 280 mm wide. The obverse side describes the development of the royal lineage of Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) from the early 10th century onwards until the last precolonial king. In a parallel way, the reverse side focuses on the related dynasty of the village-state Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco to the Aztecs). All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/e80baf9d-21c9-4fdb-aeba-96bbdf837807.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0009","@type":"sc:Range","label":"p. 004: Obverse. Book I. Starting at top (following from p. 2). Band i (left to right). [The son of Lord 10 Movement 'Arrow' and Lady 1 Rabbit 'Shield',...","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/a77b81ae-a2f2-47c3-91d1-38779dbcd3d0.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"p. 004"},{"label":"Description","value":"Obverse. Book I. Starting at top (following from p. 2). Band i (left to right). [The son of Lord 10 Movement 'Arrow' and Lady 1 Rabbit 'Shield', Lord 4 Rabbit 'Jaguar That Carries One Alligator in his Breast', married Lady 1 Vulture 'Cloud Jewel', the daughter of Lady 1 Death and Lord 4 Alligator, whose birth was mentioned on p. 1-iii. Three daughters were born to this couple: Lady 5 Reed 'Rain Garment from Monte Albán', Lady 10 Alligator 'War Jewel', and Lady 5 (here 4) Jaguar 'Quetzal Fan'.] The second daughter, Lady 10 Alligator was sent to the Mountain of Pearls, probably Nuu Siya (Tezoatlan), where she married Lord 9 Deer 'Jade Bone, Flute', the son of Lord 7 Movement 'Face of the Earth' and Lady 12 Serpent 'Blood Knife', the rulers of Town of the Red and White Bundle. They had a son: Lord 12 Lizard 'Arrow Feet'. Band ii (right to left). He was to marry his aunt, Lady 5 Jaguar 'Quetzal Fan', the above-mentioned third daughter of Lord 4 Rabbit and Lady 1 Vulture of Monte Albán. This new marital alliance would take the place of the former governmental structure of Monte Albán, the dynasty associated with the sacred date year 1 Rabbit day 1 Rabbit. [Before, the site had been the seat of a dual rulership: Lord 12 Lizard 'Standing Firm on Big Mountain' and Lord 12 Vulture 'Quetzal Feather from Sun Mountain'. They are represented here as a couple, as 'father and mother of the people', seated on the mat of marriage and rulership. They had four 'sons', i.e. they were assisted by four governors. These were called Lord 4 House 'Staff of Strokes', Lord 3 Monkey 'Burner of the Pyramids', Lord 10 Alligator 'Eagle' and Lord 10 Eagle 'Coyote'. Band iii (left to right). They all died in an armed conflict, described as 'the war that came from Heaven', which marked the end of the last remains of the realm of Monte Albán and the political structure of the so-called 'Classic Period' (approximately 200-900 AD). Year 12 Flint day 4 Movement, the day of the 'new sun' or 'new era', was the date of the official funerary solemnity. Lord 4 House and Lord 3 Monkey, who had both been slain in battle, were buried in the Place of Heaven, the mountain near Yuta Tnoho (Apoala), which symbolises the East. The mummy bundle of Lord 10 Eagle was deposited in the River of Ashes, Rio Nejapa, the western boundary of Ñuu Dzaui. The mummy bundle of Lord 10 Alligator was put to rest] in the Split Dark Mountain, near Tepeji, the emblematic site of the North. The remains of Lord 12 Lizard and Lord 12 Vulture themselves were buried in the Temple of Death, a large and important funerary cave in the Mountain of Small Deer, in the region of Ñuu Daya (Chalcatongo), which symbolises the South and stands under the supervision of the Death Goddess Lady 9 Grass, a deity of war. Until the day 12 Eagle or the year 6 Reed, commemorative rituals were celebrated in this Temple of Death. Band iv (right to left). Year 10 House day 1 Grass was the sacred date of Lord 10 House 'Jaguar' and Lady 1 Grass Puma', divine patrons of the Yute Coo, 'Serpent River', near Ñuu Tnoo. From this Primordial Couple descended Lord 3 Eagle 'Eagle from the Serpent Place'. He married Lady 4 Rabbit 'Garment (Virtue) of Death Town'. Her name suggests that she came from the nearby Town of Death, Dzandaya (Mitlatongo). [Lord 3 Eagle and Lord 4 Rabbit had two sons: Lord 9 Wind 'Stone Skull' and Lord 1 Monkey. The latter became the founding father of the Dzandaya (Mitlatongo) dynasty. In front of him is the Skull Mountain, which appears to represent Dzandaya. Several other places follow. Band v (left to right). Both brothers were recognised as local rulers: three priests -Lord 1 Rain, Lord 10 Death 'Cloud' and Lord 4 Dog 'Serpent-Maguey'- offered them fire, quails, and branches.]"},{"label":"Description","value":"Written in boustrophedon manner, using pictography. 20 of these pages out of 23 are painted on both sides. The pages on the obverse side are numbered in the correct order, 1-20, but those on the reverse side run backwards 40-21, while the horizontal bands are indicated with Roman numerals from the top down: i-v. Due to the boustrophedon pattern, these numbers do not always correspond to the reading sequence. Each band on the obverse side extends over the full opening. As these photographs feature only one page at a time, half the narrative is missing and one needs to have the two facing pages to see it in full. The description therefore is concerned with the full opening, but what features on the facing page appears in square brackets. This book consists of strips of deerskin, glued together, covered with stucco, and folded into 23 pages approximately 250 mm high by 280 mm wide. The obverse side describes the development of the royal lineage of Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) from the early 10th century onwards until the last precolonial king. In a parallel way, the reverse side focuses on the related dynasty of the village-state Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco to the Aztecs). All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/a77b81ae-a2f2-47c3-91d1-38779dbcd3d0.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0010","@type":"sc:Range","label":"p. 005: Obverse. Book I. Starting at bottom (following from p. 4). Band v (left to right). Lord 9 Wind and Lady 5 Reed had three sons. In the year 6 Flint...","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/db26fe01-5d06-4a66-b150-f0cf511666da.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"p. 005"},{"label":"Description","value":"Obverse. Book I. Starting at bottom (following from p. 4). Band v (left to right). Lord 9 Wind and Lady 5 Reed had three sons. In the year 6 Flint (992) was born Lord 10 Flower, 'Jaguar with burnt face'. Later followed Lord 13 Eagle 'Precious Jaguar' and Lord 3 Water 'White Arrow'. Lord 9 Wind and Lady 5 Reed arranged a marriage for their first born son, establishing an alliance with the ruling couple of Chiyo Yuhu, known today by its Aztec name as Suchixtlan. Thus in the year 1 House (1013), on the day 1 Eagle, Lord 10 Flower, the son of Lord 9 Wind 'Stone Skull' and Lady 5 Reed, at the age of twenty or twenty-one, was engaged to be married to Lady 2 Serpent 'Plummed Serpent'. [She was a princess of Chiyo Yuhu, daughter of Lord 8 Wind 'Twenty Eagles' and Lady 10 Deer. From this marriage, seven children were born. 1) Lord 12 Lizard 'Arrow Feet', 2) Lord 10 Eagle 'Stone Jaguar', who married Lady 9 Wind 'Flint Garment' from neighbouring Añute. Band iv (right to left). 3) Lady 12 Jaguar 'Jewelled Spiderweb', who married Lord 10 Reed from the Yahua (Tamazola) dynasty, and ruler of StaffTown (probably Yucu Tatnu/Topiltepec), 4) Lady 6 Grass 'Transparent Butterfly', who married Lord 10 Reed 'Precious Jaguar' from Torch Mountain (possibly Yucu Quesi/Tataltepec), 5) Lady 4 Rabbit 'Precious Quetzal',] who married Lord 10 Flower 'Bow Tail' from Dark Specked Mountain, 6) Lady 7 Flower 'Jewel of the Town', who apprently did not marry, 7) Lady 7 Reed 'Jewel Flower', who married Lord 13 Death 'Setting Sun' from Head Town. Band iii (left to right). The first born, Lord 12 Lizard 'Arrow Feet', married his nieces, Lady 4 Flint 'Quetzal Feather Face' and Lady 4 Alligator 'Jewel Face', both daughters of his sister, Lady 12 Jaguar 'Jewelled Spiderweb', and her husband Lord 10 Reed, rulers of StaffTown. This family marriage was probably motivated by the wish to bring the divided heritage back together. The first of Lord 12 Lizard's children was Lord 5 Movement 'Smoke of Heaven'. He married first a princess of Añute, Lady 4 Death 'Jewel of the People'. [She belonged to the Ñuu Tnoo royal family through her father, Lord 10 Eagle, who was the younger brother of the Ñuu Tnoo ruler Lord 10 Flower, and consequently an uncle of Lord 12 Lizard. Lord 5 Movement's brothers and sisters were: 1) Lord 12 Water 'Sky Jaguar',  2) Lady 3 Movement 'Fan of the Earth', who married Lord 8 Serpent 'Serpent in Flames' from River, 3) Lady 1 Flint 'Jewel Face', who married Lord 6 Movement 'Precious Bone', a son of Lord 8 Wind of Chiyo Yuhu (Suchixtlan). Band ii (right to left). Ñuu Tnoo's crown prince Lord 5 Movement 'Smoke of Heaven' remarried, this time to a princess from Lord 8 Wind's Circle, Lady 2 Grass 'Precious Quetzal', who came from the community of Visible Stones, belonging to Chiyo Yuhu. Apparently, he never ruled Ñuu Tnoo, but stood under the influence of the ruling family of Chiyo Yuhu.] In the year 11 Reed (1075), Lady 2 Grass was close to giving birth to her first son. On the day 9 Reed a vision appeared in an obsidian mirror: a birth was announced, and an umbilical cord was seen, connected to 9 Reed (bottom right corner of this band on this page, under 11 Reed date sign). This was the day of the Goddess who was the Power of the Arrowhead of the Volcanic Glass (obsidian). The vision stated that the child was going to be dedicated to that goddess, to be under her spell and supervision. Six days later, the child foreseen in the mirror was born: Lord 2 Rain 'Twenty Jaguars' (Ocoñana; note number 20 given by 20 black dots along the figure). He was heir to the throne of Ñuu Tnoo, but another manuscript (Codex Tonindeye/Nuttall) shows that Lord 8 Wind of Chiyo Yuhu had him put under the watchful eyes of his warriors. In the year 6 Flint (1096), Prince 2 Rain 'Twenty Jaguars' reached the age of 21."},{"label":"Description","value":"Written in boustrophedon manner, using pictography. 20 of these pages out of 23 are painted on both sides. The pages on the obverse side are numbered in the correct order, 1-20, but those on the reverse side run backwards 40-21, while the horizontal bands are indicated with Roman numerals from the top down: i-v. Due to the boustrophedon pattern, these numbers do not always correspond to the reading sequence. Each band on the obverse side extends over the full opening. As these photographs feature only one page at a time, half the narrative is missing and one needs to have the two facing pages to see it in full. The description therefore is concerned with the full opening, but what features on the facing page appears in square brackets. This book consists of strips of deerskin, glued together, covered with stucco, and folded into 23 pages approximately 250 mm high by 280 mm wide. The obverse side describes the development of the royal lineage of Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) from the early 10th century onwards until the last precolonial king. In a parallel way, the reverse side focuses on the related dynasty of the village-state Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco to the Aztecs). All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/db26fe01-5d06-4a66-b150-f0cf511666da.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0011","@type":"sc:Range","label":"p. 006: Obverse. Book I. Starting at bottom (following from p. 4). Band v (left to right). [Lord 9 Wind and Lady 5 Reed had three sons. In the year 6 Flint...","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/c1c37a9e-a0a8-4fec-acdf-ce0891ac8ff8.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"p. 006"},{"label":"Description","value":"Obverse. Book I. Starting at bottom (following from p. 4). Band v (left to right). [Lord 9 Wind and Lady 5 Reed had three sons. In the year 6 Flint (992) was born Lord 10 Flower, 'Jaguar with burnt face'. Later followed Lord 13 Eagle 'Precious Jaguar' and Lord 3 Water 'White Arrow'. Lord 9 Wind and Lady 5 Reed arranged a marriage for their first born son, establishing an alliance with the ruling couple of Chiyo Yuhu, known today by its Aztec name as Suchixtlan. Thus in the year 1 House (1013), on the day 1 Eagle, Lord 10 Flower, the son of Lord 9 Wind 'Stone Skull' and Lady 5 Reed, at the age of twenty or twenty-one, was engaged to be married to Lady 2 Serpent 'Plummed Serpent'.] She was a princess of Chiyo Yuhu, daughter of Lord 8 Wind 'Twenty Eagles' and Lady 10 Deer. From this marriage, seven children were born. 1) Lord 12 Lizard 'Arrow Feet', 2) Lord 10 Eagle 'Stone Jaguar', who married Lady 9 Wind 'Flint Garment' from neighbouring Añute. Band iv (right to left). 3) Lady 12 Jaguar 'Jewelled Obverse. Book I. Starting at bottom (following from p. 4). Band v (left to right). Lord 9 Wind and Lady 5 Reed had three sons. In the year 6 Flint (992) was born Lord 10 Flower, 'Jaguar with burnt face'. Later followed Lord 13 Eagle 'Precious Jaguar' and Lord 3 Water 'White Arrow'. Lord 9 Wind and Lady 5 Reed arranged a marriage for their first born son, establishing an alliance with the ruling couple of Chiyo Yuhu, known today by its Aztec name as Suchixtlan. Thus in the year 1 House (1013), on the day 1 Eagle, Lord 10 Flower, the son of Lord 9 Wind 'Stone Skull' and Lady 5 Reed, at the age of twenty or twenty-one, was engaged to be married to Lady 2 Serpent 'Plummed Serpent'. [She was a princess of Chiyo Yuhu, daughter of Lord 8 Wind 'Twenty Eagles' and Lady 10 Deer. From this marriage, seven children were born. 1) Lord 12 Lizard 'Arrow Feet', 2) Lord 10 Eagle 'Stone Jaguar', who married Lady 9 Wind 'Flint Garment' from neighbouring Añute. Band iv (right to left). 3) Lady 12 Jaguar 'Jewelled Spiderweb', who married Lord 10 Reed from the Yahua (Tamazola) dynasty, and ruler of StaffTown (probably Yucu Tatnu/Topiltepec), 4) Lady 6 Grass 'Transparent Butterfly', who married Lord 10 Reed 'Precious Jaguar' from Torch Mountain (possibly Yucu Quesi/Tataltepec), 5) Lady 4 Rabbit 'Precious Quetzal', [who married Lord 10 Flower 'Bow Tail' from Dark Specked Mountain, 6) Lady 7 Flower 'Jewel of the Town', who apprently did not marry, 7) Lady 7 Reed 'Jewel Flower', who married Lord 13 Death 'Setting Sun' from Head Town. Band iii (left to right). The first born, Lord 12 Lizard 'Arrow Feet', married his nieces, Lady 4 Flint 'Quetzal Feather Face' and Lady 4 Alligator 'Jewel Face', both daughters of his sister, Lady 12 Jaguar 'Jewelled Spiderweb', and her husband Lord 10 Reed, rulers of StaffTown. This family marriage was probably motivated by the wish to bring the divided heritage back together. The first of Lord 12 Lizard's children was Lord 5 Movement 'Smoke of Heaven'. He married first a princess of Añute, Lady 4 Death 'Jewel of the People'.] She belonged to the Ñuu Tnoo royal family through her father, Lord 10 Eagle, who was the younger brother of the Ñuu Tnoo ruler Lord 10 Flower, and consequently an uncle of Lord 12 Lizard. Lord 5 Movement's brothers and sisters were: 1) Lord 12 Water 'Sky Jaguar',  2) Lady 3 Movement 'Fan of the Earth', who married Lord 8 Serpent 'Serpent in Flames' from River, 3) Lady 1 Flint 'Jewel Face', who married Lord 6 Movement 'Precious Bone', a son of Lord 8 Wind of Chiyo Yuhu (Suchixtlan). Band ii (right to left). Ñuu Tnoo's crown prince Lord 5 Movement 'Smoke of Heaven' remarried, this time to a princess from Lord 8 Wind's Circle, Lady 2 Grass 'Precious Quetzal', who came from the community of Visible Stones, belonging to Chiyo Yuhu."},{"label":"Description","value":"Written in boustrophedon manner, using pictography. 20 of these pages out of 23 are painted on both sides. The pages on the obverse side are numbered in the correct order, 1-20, but those on the reverse side run backwards 40-21, while the horizontal bands are indicated with Roman numerals from the top down: i-v. Due to the boustrophedon pattern, these numbers do not always correspond to the reading sequence. Each band on the obverse side extends over the full opening. As these photographs feature only one page at a time, half the narrative is missing and one needs to have the two facing pages to see it in full. The description therefore is concerned with the full opening, but what features on the facing page appears in square brackets. This book consists of strips of deerskin, glued together, covered with stucco, and folded into 23 pages approximately 250 mm high by 280 mm wide. The obverse side describes the development of the royal lineage of Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) from the early 10th century onwards until the last precolonial king. In a parallel way, the reverse side focuses on the related dynasty of the village-state Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco to the Aztecs). All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/c1c37a9e-a0a8-4fec-acdf-ce0891ac8ff8.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0012","@type":"sc:Range","label":"p. 007: Obverse. Book I. Starting at bottom (following from p. 6). Band i (left to right). On the day 10 Flower of the year 13 House, three priests of the...","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/01f7a40a-f9e9-48a7-a9d4-ad36aded7792.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"p. 007"},{"label":"Description","value":"Obverse. Book I. Starting at bottom (following from p. 6). Band i (left to right). On the day 10 Flower of the year 13 House, three priests of the supreme council of Ñuu Tnoo visited Lord 5 Alligator, seated with his parents behind him. They asked his parents’ permission to take the boy to priestly duties in the temple, putting before him the sacrificial knife, together with tobacco and blankets. Day 10 Flower was the name-day of the prince of Ñuu Tnoo, who, born in the year 6 Flint (992), was now thirty-three years old. We suspect that this date is mentioned here because it was chosen for Lord 10 Flower’s accession to the throne of Ñuu Tnoo (his father, Lord 9 Wind ‘Stone Skull’, would by 1025 be aged eighty-three, and would probably be dead). The first priest was named ‘Smoke’; [the last one was the Keeper of the Sacred Arrow. First, young Lord 5 Alligator went to Mountain of Plants and Flowers to offer a tunic as tribute to Lord 7 Movement, a Rain Spirit. After that, Lord 5 Alligator went to the River of the Serpent (Yute Coo), the ancestral place of the ruling dynasty of Ñuu Tnoo, where he offered another tunic. Band ii (right to left). Continuing his journey, he was welcomed and ceremonially saluted by two priests: Lord 10 Flower ‘Stone Man, born from the Earth’ and Lord 7 Reed ‘White Star’, who offered him fire and blew the ceremonial conch. Lord 10 Flower was probably the ruler of Ñuu Tnoo at that time. Then, still on the day 7 Movement of the year 13 House (1025), Lord 5 Alligator burnt incense for the Sacred Bundle in the Temple of Heaven, the ceremonial centre of Ñuu Tnoo.] He became a priest there, and in following years passed through the successive ranks of priesthood symbolised by different tunics and sacrificial knives that he received, the first in the year 6 Reed (1031), the second in the year 10 Reed (1035), the third in the year 1 Reed (1039). The ritual day to enter a new period of four year’s service was, logically 1 Alligator, the beginning of the count of 260 days. After a first period of six years (probably composed of two ‘preparatory’ years and a regular rank period of four years) and then three successive rank periods of four years each, i.e. after a total of eighteen years in the Temple of Heaven, lord 5 Alligator had reached the highest level of priesthood. Band iii (left to right). The elderly Smoke priest sent a younger priest to him with a garland of flowers, indicating that he could leave the priesthood and marry. By then Lord 5 Alligator ‘Rain-Sun’ had become an extremely important figure with great charisma and political power. In the year 5 Reed (1043), on the day 7 Eagle, a sacred day for the Ñuu Tnoo dynasty, Lord 5 Alligator had his first wedding. Later he would marry a second time. Comparing Codex Bodley with other manuscripts, this codex seems to have inverted the sequence of the two wives. Here the first wife is Lady 11 Water ‘Blue Parrot’. [She had been married before to Lord 3 Wind ‘Jaguar Warrior, Bird with Fish Tail’, who came from Town of Stones, and was the son of Lady 10 House ‘Garment of Stone’ (Virtue of Town of Stones). With this man she had a son: Lord 8 Flower ‘Flint-Hair’. Several children were born from the first marriage of Lord 5 Alligator: 10 In the year 7 House (1045) Lord 12 Movement ‘Blood Jaguar’, who was to become Keeper of the Sacred War Arrow. Band iv (right to left). 2) In the year 9 Reed (1047; date given on band iii, far right), Lady 6 Lizard ‘Jewel Fan’, who later married Lord 11 Wind from the Town of the Red and White Bundle’. 3) In the year 10 Flint (1048) Lord 9 Movement ‘Hummingbird’. 4) In the year 10 House (1061) Lord 3 Water ‘Heron’.]"},{"label":"Description","value":"Written in boustrophedon manner, using pictography. 20 of these pages out of 23 are painted on both sides. The pages on the obverse side are numbered in the correct order, 1-20, but those on the reverse side run backwards 40-21, while the horizontal bands are indicated with Roman numerals from the top down: i-v. Due to the boustrophedon pattern, these numbers do not always correspond to the reading sequence. Each band on the obverse side extends over the full opening. As these photographs feature only one page at a time, half the narrative is missing and one needs to have the two facing pages to see it in full. The description therefore is concerned with the full opening, but what features on the facing page appears in square brackets. This book consists of strips of deerskin, glued together, covered with stucco, and folded into 23 pages approximately 250 mm high by 280 mm wide. The obverse side describes the development of the royal lineage of Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) from the early 10th century onwards until the last precolonial king. In a parallel way, the reverse side focuses on the related dynasty of the village-state Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco to the Aztecs). All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/01f7a40a-f9e9-48a7-a9d4-ad36aded7792.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0013","@type":"sc:Range","label":"p. 008: Obverse. Book I. Starting at bottom (following from p. 6). Band i (left to right). On the day 10 Flower of the year 13 House, three priests of the...","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/ee705717-1f99-43a9-8db4-68cee73a4d63.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"p. 008"},{"label":"Description","value":"Obverse. Book I. Starting at bottom (following from p. 6). Band i (left to right). On the day 10 Flower of the year 13 House, three priests of the supreme council of Ñuu Tnoo visited Lord 5 Alligator, seated with his parents behind him. They asked his parents’ permission to take the boy to priestly duties in the temple, putting before him the sacrificial knife, together with tobacco and blankets. Day 10 Flower was the name-day of the prince of Ñuu Tnoo, who, born in the year 6 Flint (992), was now thirty-three years old. We suspect that this date is mentioned here because it was chosen for Lord 10 Flower’s accession to the throne of Ñuu Tnoo (his father, Lord 9 Wind ‘Stone Skull’, would by 1025 be aged eighty-three, and would probably be dead). The first priest was named ‘Smoke’; [the last one was the Keeper of the Sacred Arrow. First, young Lord 5 Alligator went to Mountain of Plants and Flowers to offer a tunic as tribute to Lord 7 Movement, a Rain Spirit. After that, Lord 5 Alligator went to the River of the Serpent (Yute Coo), the ancestral place of the ruling dynasty of Ñuu Tnoo, where he offered another tunic. Band ii (right to left). Continuing his journey, he was welcomed and ceremonially saluted by two priests: Lord 10 Flower ‘Stone Man, born from the Earth’ and Lord 7 Reed ‘White Star’, who offered him fire and blew the ceremonial conch. Lord 10 Flower was probably the ruler of Ñuu Tnoo at that time. Then, still on the day 7 Movement of the year 13 House (1025), Lord 5 Alligator burnt incense for the Sacred Bundle in the Temple of Heaven, the ceremonial centre of Ñuu Tnoo.] He became a priest there, and in following years passed through the successive ranks of priesthood symbolised by different tunics and sacrificial knives that he received, the first in the year 6 Reed (1031), the second in the year 10 Reed (1035), the third in the year 1 Reed (1039). The ritual day to enter a new period of four year’s service was, logically 1 Alligator, the beginning of the count of 260 days. After a first period of six years (probably composed of two ‘preparatory’ years and a regular rank period of four years) and then three successive rank periods of four years each, i.e. after a total of eighteen years in the Temple of Heaven, lord 5 Alligator had reached the highest level of priesthood. Band iii (left to right). The elderly Smoke priest sent a younger priest to him with a garland of flowers, indicating that he could leave the priesthood and marry. By then Lord 5 Alligator ‘Rain-Sun’ had become an extremely important figure with great charisma and political power. In the year 5 Reed (1043), on the day 7 Eagle, a sacred day for the Ñuu Tnoo dynasty, Lord 5 Alligator had his first wedding. Later he would marry a second time. Comparing Codex Bodley with other manuscripts, this codex seems to have inverted the sequence of the two wives. Here the first wife is Lady 11 Water ‘Blue Parrot’. [She had been married before to Lord 3 Wind ‘Jaguar Warrior, Bird with Fish Tail’, who came from Town of Stones, and was the son of Lady 10 House ‘Garment of Stone’ (Virtue of Town of Stones). With this man she had a son: Lord 8 Flower ‘Flint-Hair’. Several children were born from the first marriage of Lord 5 Alligator: 10 In the year 7 House (1045) Lord 12 Movement ‘Blood Jaguar’, who was to become Keeper of the Sacred War Arrow. Band iv (right to left). 2) In the year 9 Reed (1047; date given on band iii, far right), Lady 6 Lizard ‘Jewel Fan’, who later married Lord 11 Wind from the Town of the Red and White Bundle’. 3) In the year 10 Flint (1048) Lord 9 Movement ‘Hummingbird’. 4) In the year 10 House (1061) Lord 3 Water ‘Heron’.]"},{"label":"Description","value":"Written in boustrophedon manner, using pictography. 20 of these pages out of 23 are painted on both sides. The pages on the obverse side are numbered in the correct order, 1-20, but those on the reverse side run backwards 40-21, while the horizontal bands are indicated with Roman numerals from the top down: i-v. Due to the boustrophedon pattern, these numbers do not always correspond to the reading sequence. Each band on the obverse side extends over the full opening. As these photographs feature only one page at a time, half the narrative is missing and one needs to have the two facing pages to see it in full. The description therefore is concerned with the full opening, but what features on the facing page appears in square brackets. This book consists of strips of deerskin, glued together, covered with stucco, and folded into 23 pages approximately 250 mm high by 280 mm wide. The obverse side describes the development of the royal lineage of Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) from the early 10th century onwards until the last precolonial king. In a parallel way, the reverse side focuses on the related dynasty of the village-state Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco to the Aztecs). All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/ee705717-1f99-43a9-8db4-68cee73a4d63.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0014","@type":"sc:Range","label":"p. 009: Obverse. Book I. Starting at bottom (following from p. 8). Band v (left to right). [In the year 3 Flint (1080) on the day 4 Rain, Lord 8 Deer came...","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/84c5106c-36b8-4ed0-9b1e-0f9456611a98.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"p. 009"},{"label":"Description","value":"Obverse. Book I. Starting at bottom (following from p. 8). Band v (left to right). [In the year 3 Flint (1080) on the day 4 Rain, Lord 8 Deer came out of a cave, where he may have been in retreat to fast and perform self-sacrifice. That day, going to another cave located at the foot of Curved (i.e. Big) Mountain, a place of visions, where dark vapours rose from the ground, he found a chest filled with jewels. It was in the land of Lord 3 Reed, who would later marry Lord 8 Deer’s younger sister, 12 Grass (not born until 1081). Big Mountain was a name of Monte Albán; the treasure may well have been the valuable contents of a tomb among the ruins of that classic acropolis. The next day, 5 Flower, Lord 8 Deer visited Lady 4 Rabbit ‘Precious Quetzal’ and her husband Lord 10 Flower ‘Bow Tail’ in Dark Specked Mountain, possibly Acuchi, ‘Place of Gravel’, now known as San Jerónimo Sosola.] On the same day, 5 Flower, Lord 8 Deer retired into yet another cave in order to venerate the Sacred Bundle.  Afterwards, still on the day 5 Flower, Lord 8 Deer paid his respects to the Sacred Bundle in the Temple of Heaven of the nearby Town of the Pointed Objects, possibly Yucu Ndeque (Huauclilla). This temple was dedicated to 1 Death, the appropriate day for offerings to the Sun God and to the Great Mother of the Dynasty, Lady 1 Death. On the third day of the next year, the day 6 Serpent in the year 4 House (1081), Lord 8 Deer went to the River of Sacred Fish, in the territory of Dark Specked Mountain. Band iv (right to left). There, he played ball with the Sun God (Lord 1 Death) and the Venus God (Lord 1 Movement), probably represented by human impersonators. Apparently, he won, and in recompense, his former opponents helped him to conquer the Jewel Stone of Ash River, i.e., a precious object associated with the West, the realm of the descending Sun and Venus. Through this victory, Lord 8 Deer made Sun and Venus, both patrons of War, his allies. Probably the precious Stone of the West was an object of divine, magical power, the possession of which would guarantee good fortune. [On the day 13 Flower, the seventh day of the next year, 6 Reed (1083), Lord 8 Deer ‘Jaguar Claw’ went hunting on the Mountain of the Temple of Heaven, where offerings of knotted grass had been made in preparation for this act. With his arrows, he shot a coyote. This was in preparation to going to the Temple of Death (Vehe Kihin), the sanctuary where the ancient rulers of the Ñuu Dzaui village-states were buried together, near Ñuu Ndaya (Chalcatongo). There he met with the Patron Goddess of that funerary cave, Lady 9 Grass. Band iii (left to right). Following her orders, Lord 8 Deer descended to the tropical lowlands that border the Pacific Coast. There he presented himself to Lord 1 Death ‘Sun Serpent’ and Lady 11 Serpent ‘Flower, Quetzal Feathers’, the rulers of the village-state of Town of Hand Holding Feathers. This place has been identified as Ñuu Sitoho, ‘Town of the Lords’, i.e. Juquila, the main town of the Chatino people, which in those days controlled part of the coastal region. After consulting with these rulers, Lord 8 Deer conquered Water of the Rubber Ball, burnt the place, and took its ruler, Lord 9 Serpent, prisoner. Probably, this conquest put him in control of the important Lagoon of Chacahua. Consequently, he was able to establish himself as ruler of Stone of the Bird, i.e. Yuhu Dzaa (Tututepec), which was to become the main Mixtec capital on the Pacific Coast. The date accompanying this scene is heavily damaged. It might be year 6 Flint (1096), day 9 Jaguar. While Lord 8 Deer was seated as ruler of Yucu Dzaa, a red rodent approached him. Probably this animal helped him to gain power.]"},{"label":"Description","value":"Written in boustrophedon manner, using pictography. 20 of these pages out of 23 are painted on both sides. The pages on the obverse side are numbered in the correct order, 1-20, but those on the reverse side run backwards 40-21, while the horizontal bands are indicated with Roman numerals from the top down: i-v. Due to the boustrophedon pattern, these numbers do not always correspond to the reading sequence. Each band on the obverse side extends over the full opening. As these photographs feature only one page at a time, half the narrative is missing and one needs to have the two facing pages to see it in full. The description therefore is concerned with the full opening, but what features on the facing page appears in square brackets. This book consists of strips of deerskin, glued together, covered with stucco, and folded into 23 pages approximately 250 mm high by 280 mm wide. The obverse side describes the development of the royal lineage of Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) from the early 10th century onwards until the last precolonial king. In a parallel way, the reverse side focuses on the related dynasty of the village-state Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco to the Aztecs). All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/84c5106c-36b8-4ed0-9b1e-0f9456611a98.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0015","@type":"sc:Range","label":"p. 010: Obverse. Book I. Starting at bottom (following from p. 8). Band v (left to right). [In the year 3 Flint (1080) on the day 4 Rain, Lord 8 Deer came...","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/c5b95dbb-4707-4b1f-bee4-bf3d4b70d280.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"p. 010"},{"label":"Description","value":"Obverse. Book I. Starting at bottom (following from p. 8). Band v (left to right). [In the year 3 Flint (1080) on the day 4 Rain, Lord 8 Deer came out of a cave, where he may have been in retreat to fast and perform self-sacrifice. That day, going to another cave located at the foot of Curved (i.e. Big) Mountain, a place of visions, where dark vapours rose from the ground, he found a chest filled with jewels. It was in the land of Lord 3 Reed, who would later marry Lord 8 Deer’s younger sister, 12 Grass (not born until 1081). Big Mountain was a name of Monte Albán; the treasure may well have been the valuable contents of a tomb among the ruins of that classic acropolis. The next day, 5 Flower, Lord 8 Deer visited Lady 4 Rabbit ‘Precious Quetzal’ and her husband Lord 10 Flower ‘Bow Tail’ in Dark Specked Mountain, possibly Acuchi, ‘Place of Gravel’, now known as San Jerónimo Sosola.] On the same day, 5 Flower, Lord 8 Deer retired into yet another cave in order to venerate the Sacred Bundle.  Afterwards, still on the day 5 Flower, Lord 8 Deer paid his respects to the Sacred Bundle in the Temple of Heaven of the nearby Town of the Pointed Objects, possibly Yucu Ndeque (Huauclilla). This temple was dedicated to 1 Death, the appropriate day for offerings to the Sun God and to the Great Mother of the Dynasty, Lady 1 Death. On the third day of the next year, the day 6 Serpent in the year 4 House (1081), Lord 8 Deer went to the River of Sacred Fish, in the territory of Dark Specked Mountain. Band iv (right to left). There, he played ball with the Sun God (Lord 1 Death) and the Venus God (Lord 1 Movement), probably represented by human impersonators. Apparently, he won, and in recompense, his former opponents helped him to conquer the Jewel Stone of Ash River, i.e., a precious object associated with the West, the realm of the descending Sun and Venus. Through this victory, Lord 8 Deer made Sun and Venus, both patrons of War, his allies. Probably the precious Stone of the West was an object of divine, magical power, the possession of which would guarantee good fortune. [On the day 13 Flower, the seventh day of the next year, 6 Reed (1083), Lord 8 Deer ‘Jaguar Claw’ went hunting on the Mountain of the Temple of Heaven, where offerings of knotted grass had been made in preparation for this act. With his arrows, he shot a coyote. This was in preparation to going to the Temple of Death (Vehe Kihin), the sanctuary where the ancient rulers of the Ñuu Dzaui village-states were buried together, near Ñuu Ndaya (Chalcatongo). There he met with the Patron Goddess of that funerary cave, Lady 9 Grass. Band iii (left to right). Following her orders, Lord 8 Deer descended to the tropical lowlands that border the Pacific Coast. There he presented himself to Lord 1 Death ‘Sun Serpent’ and Lady 11 Serpent ‘Flower, Quetzal Feathers’, the rulers of the village-state of Town of Hand Holding Feathers. This place has been identified as Ñuu Sitoho, ‘Town of the Lords’, i.e. Juquila, the main town of the Chatino people, which in those days controlled part of the coastal region. After consulting with these rulers, Lord 8 Deer conquered Water of the Rubber Ball, burnt the place, and took its ruler, Lord 9 Serpent, prisoner. Probably, this conquest put him in control of the important Lagoon of Chacahua. Consequently, he was able to establish himself as ruler of Stone of the Bird, i.e. Yuhu Dzaa (Tututepec), which was to become the main Mixtec capital on the Pacific Coast. The date accompanying this scene is heavily damaged. It might be year 6 Flint (1096), day 9 Jaguar. While Lord 8 Deer was seated as ruler of Yucu Dzaa, a red rodent approached him. Probably this animal helped him to gain power.]"},{"label":"Description","value":"Written in boustrophedon manner, using pictography. 20 of these pages out of 23 are painted on both sides. The pages on the obverse side are numbered in the correct order, 1-20, but those on the reverse side run backwards 40-21, while the horizontal bands are indicated with Roman numerals from the top down: i-v. Due to the boustrophedon pattern, these numbers do not always correspond to the reading sequence. Each band on the obverse side extends over the full opening. As these photographs feature only one page at a time, half the narrative is missing and one needs to have the two facing pages to see it in full. The description therefore is concerned with the full opening, but what features on the facing page appears in square brackets. This book consists of strips of deerskin, glued together, covered with stucco, and folded into 23 pages approximately 250 mm high by 280 mm wide. The obverse side describes the development of the royal lineage of Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) from the early 10th century onwards until the last precolonial king. In a parallel way, the reverse side focuses on the related dynasty of the village-state Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco to the Aztecs). All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/c5b95dbb-4707-4b1f-bee4-bf3d4b70d280.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0016","@type":"sc:Range","label":"p. 011: Obverse. Book I. Starting at top (following from p. 10). Band i (left to right). [On day 13 Serpent in the year Reed (1103), Lord 8 Deer wed Lady...","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/53d798c3-94a9-4c7e-ac39-1debede38a86.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"p. 011"},{"label":"Description","value":"Obverse. Book I. Starting at top (following from p. 10). Band i (left to right). [On day 13 Serpent in the year Reed (1103), Lord 8 Deer wed Lady 13 Serpent. She was his ‘half-niece’, the daughter of his half-sister, Lady 6 Lizard, who had married Lord 11 Wind of Town of the Red and White Bundle. Before, Lady 13 Serpent had been married to Lord 8 Wind of Owl Place, with whom she had a son, Lord 1 Alligator ‘Puma with Markings’ (i.e. with authority). Apparently this union was dissolved.] On the day 3 Deer of the year 2 House (1105), Lord 8 Deer wed his niece, Lady 6 Eagle ‘Jaguar Spiderweb’, the daughter of his sister, Lady 9 Monkey, who had married Lord 8 Alligator, the ruler of Ñuu Ndaya (Chalcatongo). Lady 6 Eagle had been married before: she was the wife of Lord 13 Dog ‘Flower Jaguar’, ruler of Mountain of the Seven Stones, Yuu Usa, present-day Santa Catarina Yuxia, a community belonging to Ñuu Ndaya. Band ii (right to left). From Mountain of the Seven Stones, where her son, Lord 9 Flower, ‘Blood Shield’, had been born, Lady 6 Eagle left to marry Lord 8 Deer. In the year 6 House (1109), their son was born: Lord 6 House ‘Jaguar that came down from Heaven’. He was the first-born son of Lord 8 Deer, but his mother was the second wife of his father. This created a dynastic problem, so Lord 8 Deer resorted to a trick. He asked the couple Lady 1 Grass ‘Flower’ and Lord 9 Rabbit ‘Plumed Sun’, assisted by the priest Lord 4 Water, to take care of the boy. [Only eight days later, on 1 Monkey, they had hidden him safely in the Sun Cave, where Lady 1 Grass attended him as a mother. It was not until some years later that his birth would be made public. In the meantime, Lord 8 Deer tried to find a remedy for the sterility that had befallen his first wife. The ritually important day 4 Movement of the year 6 House was chosen for a pilgrimage: the ruler and lady 13 Serpent went to a temple in the Valley of the River with a Tree, to make offerings of copal and tobacco. There, they had a vision of a huge dark serpent with and alligator head. Band iii (left to right). The vision cured Lady 13 Serpent. She became pregnant and 273 days later, in the year 7 Rabbit (1110), gave birth to a son: Lord 4 Dog ‘Coyote Catcher’. In the following years, four other children were born: 1) Lady 10 Flower ‘Spiderweb of the Rain God’ in the year 8 Reed (1111), she would marry Lord 4 Wind of Flint Town (Ñuu Yuchi.] 2) Lord 4 Alligator ‘Sacred Serpent’ in the year 9 Flint (1112). He would marry Lady 13 Flower ‘precious Bird’ from Flint Town, Ñuu Yuchi. 3) Lady 6 Wind ‘Quetzal Feather of Royal Blood’. 4) Lady 6 Flint ‘Precious Serpent’. Lady 6 Wind and Lady 6 Flint would marry Lord 1 Alligator ‘Eagle of the Ballcourt’, ruler of Añute. Band iv (right to left). On the day 7 Eagle, in the year 2 House (1105), Lord 8 Deer married Lady 10 Vulture ‘Brilliant Garment’. She was the daughter of Lady 7 Reed ‘Flower Jewel’, the sisted of Lord 12 Lizard of Ñuu Tnoo, who had married Lord 13 Death of Head Town. Because of this ancestry, Lady 10 Vulture by now was one of the few inheritors of the first dynasty of Ñuu Tnoo. Thirteen days earlier, on the day 6 Alligator, Lady 10 Vulture had come from the village-state of her parents to the River of Flames, probably the river of the ceremonial centre Ñuu Ndecu. There she had made a sacrifice and had received a vision. In this vision, Lord 9 Flower ‘Sacred Arrow’, i.e. Lord 8 Deer’s younger brother, manifested himself as a serpent. Speaking from the Other World, he instructed Lady 10 Vulture to marry his brother. Lady 10 Vulture gave birth to a son, Lord 12 Dog ‘knife’, and a daughter, Lady 5 Wind ‘Ornament of Fur and Jade’. [The latter, like her half-sister, Lady 10 Flower, would marry Lord 4 Wind, the ruler of Flint Town. The fourth wife of Lord 8 Deer was Lady 11 Serpent ‘White Flower, Teeth inlaid with Turquoise’."},{"label":"Description","value":"Written in boustrophedon manner, using pictography. 20 of these pages out of 23 are painted on both sides. The pages on the obverse side are numbered in the correct order, 1-20, but those on the reverse side run backwards 40-21, while the horizontal bands are indicated with Roman numerals from the top down: i-v. Due to the boustrophedon pattern, these numbers do not always correspond to the reading sequence. Each band on the obverse side extends over the full opening. As these photographs feature only one page at a time, half the narrative is missing and one needs to have the two facing pages to see it in full. The description therefore is concerned with the full opening, but what features on the facing page appears in square brackets. This book consists of strips of deerskin, glued together, covered with stucco, and folded into 23 pages approximately 250 mm high by 280 mm wide. The obverse side describes the development of the royal lineage of Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) from the early 10th century onwards until the last precolonial king. In a parallel way, the reverse side focuses on the related dynasty of the village-state Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco to the Aztecs). All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/53d798c3-94a9-4c7e-ac39-1debede38a86.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0017","@type":"sc:Range","label":"p. 012: Obverse. Book I. Starting at top (following from p. 10). Band i (left to right). [On day 13 Serpent in the year Reed (1103), Lord 8 Deer wed Lady...","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/c7bff57f-ab2a-4d8e-bc19-87f2a59ab8a6.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"p. 012"},{"label":"Description","value":"Obverse. Book I. Starting at top (following from p. 10). Band i (left to right). [On day 13 Serpent in the year Reed (1103), Lord 8 Deer wed Lady 13 Serpent. She was his ‘half-niece’, the daughter of his half-sister, Lady 6 Lizard, who had married Lord 11 Wind of Town of the Red and White Bundle. Before, Lady 13 Serpent had been married to Lord 8 Wind of Owl Place, with whom she had a son, Lord 1 Alligator ‘Puma with Markings’ (i.e. with authority). Apparently this union was dissolved.] On the day 3 Deer of the year 2 House (1105), Lord 8 Deer wed his niece, Lady 6 Eagle ‘Jaguar Spiderweb’, the daughter of his sister, Lady 9 Monkey, who had married Lord 8 Alligator, the ruler of Ñuu Ndaya (Chalcatongo). Lady 6 Eagle had been married before: she was the wife of Lord 13 Dog ‘Flower Jaguar’, ruler of Mountain of the Seven Stones, Yuu Usa, present-day Santa Catarina Yuxia, a community belonging to Ñuu Ndaya. Band ii (right to left). From Mountain of the Seven Stones, where her son, Lord 9 Flower, ‘Blood Shield’, had been born, Lady 6 Eagle left to marry Lord 8 Deer. In the year 6 House (1109), their son was born: Lord 6 House ‘Jaguar that came down from Heaven’. He was the first-born son of Lord 8 Deer, but his mother was the second wife of his father. This created a dynastic problem, so Lord 8 Deer resorted to a trick. He asked the couple Lady 1 Grass ‘Flower’ and Lord 9 Rabbit ‘Plumed Sun’, assisted by the priest Lord 4 Water, to take care of the boy. [Only eight days later, on 1 Monkey, they had hidden him safely in the Sun Cave, where Lady 1 Grass attended him as a mother. It was not until some years later that his birth would be made public. In the meantime, Lord 8 Deer tried to find a remedy for the sterility that had befallen his first wife. The ritually important day 4 Movement of the year 6 House was chosen for a pilgrimage: the ruler and lady 13 Serpent went to a temple in the Valley of the River with a Tree, to make offerings of copal and tobacco. There, they had a vision of a huge dark serpent with and alligator head. Band iii (left to right). The vision cured Lady 13 Serpent. She became pregnant and 273 days later, in the year 7 Rabbit (1110), gave birth to a son: Lord 4 Dog ‘Coyote Catcher’. In the following years, four other children were born: 1) Lady 10 Flower ‘Spiderweb of the Rain God’ in the year 8 Reed (1111), she would marry Lord 4 Wind of Flint Town (Ñuu Yuchi.] 2) Lord 4 Alligator ‘Sacred Serpent’ in the year 9 Flint (1112). He would marry Lady 13 Flower ‘precious Bird’ from Flint Town, Ñuu Yuchi. 3) Lady 6 Wind ‘Quetzal Feather of Royal Blood’. 4) Lady 6 Flint ‘Precious Serpent’. Lady 6 Wind and Lady 6 Flint would marry Lord 1 Alligator ‘Eagle of the Ballcourt’, ruler of Añute. Band iv (right to left). On the day 7 Eagle, in the year 2 House (1105), Lord 8 Deer married Lady 10 Vulture ‘Brilliant Garment’. She was the daughter of Lady 7 Reed ‘Flower Jewel’, the sisted of Lord 12 Lizard of Ñuu Tnoo, who had married Lord 13 Death of Head Town. Because of this ancestry, Lady 10 Vulture by now was one of the few inheritors of the first dynasty of Ñuu Tnoo. Thirteen days earlier, on the day 6 Alligator, Lady 10 Vulture had come from the village-state of her parents to the River of Flames, probably the river of the ceremonial centre Ñuu Ndecu. There she had made a sacrifice and had received a vision. In this vision, Lord 9 Flower ‘Sacred Arrow’, i.e. Lord 8 Deer’s younger brother, manifested himself as a serpent. Speaking from the Other World, he instructed Lady 10 Vulture to marry his brother. Lady 10 Vulture gave birth to a son, Lord 12 Dog ‘knife’, and a daughter, Lady 5 Wind ‘Ornament of Fur and Jade’. [The latter, like her half-sister, Lady 10 Flower, would marry Lord 4 Wind, the ruler of Flint Town. The fourth wife of Lord 8 Deer was Lady 11 Serpent ‘White Flower, Teeth inlaid with Turquoise’."},{"label":"Description","value":"Written in boustrophedon manner, using pictography. 20 of these pages out of 23 are painted on both sides. The pages on the obverse side are numbered in the correct order, 1-20, but those on the reverse side run backwards 40-21, while the horizontal bands are indicated with Roman numerals from the top down: i-v. Due to the boustrophedon pattern, these numbers do not always correspond to the reading sequence. Each band on the obverse side extends over the full opening. As these photographs feature only one page at a time, half the narrative is missing and one needs to have the two facing pages to see it in full. The description therefore is concerned with the full opening, but what features on the facing page appears in square brackets. This book consists of strips of deerskin, glued together, covered with stucco, and folded into 23 pages approximately 250 mm high by 280 mm wide. The obverse side describes the development of the royal lineage of Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) from the early 10th century onwards until the last precolonial king. In a parallel way, the reverse side focuses on the related dynasty of the village-state Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco to the Aztecs). All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/c7bff57f-ab2a-4d8e-bc19-87f2a59ab8a6.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0018","@type":"sc:Range","label":"p. 013: Obverse. Book I. Starting at bottom (following from p. 12). Band v (left to right). [Lord 10 Movement ‘Quetzal Owl’ and Lady 2 Grass ‘Sacred Jade’...","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/78b119ed-f5bb-4671-8a23-40e0b935f8ec.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"p. 013"},{"label":"Description","value":"Obverse. Book I. Starting at bottom (following from p. 12). Band v (left to right). [Lord 10 Movement ‘Quetzal Owl’ and Lady 2 Grass ‘Sacred Jade’ (brother and sister) had two daughters: Lady 13 Rain ‘War Jewel of Tollan’, who married Lord 7 Flint ‘Cloud Serpent’, and Lady 1 Flower ‘Quetzal, Jewel of Tollan’, who married a prince from Steambath, i.e. Ñuu Niñe (Tonalá), Lord 8 Deer ‘Plumed Serpent’. The fifth and last wife of Lord 8 Deer ‘Jaguar Claw’ was Lady 6 Wind ‘Quetzal Feather of Royal Blood’,] from Town of Jaguars, i.e. Ñuu Ñaña (Cuyotepeji). On the day 1 Grass of the year 12 Reed (1115), Lord 8 Deer went hunting in the country of his wife. They reached the Plain of the Magueyes, a frontier area at the foot of a mountain that was a ‘hand, i.e. tributary of ‘Town of the Carrying Frame’ (Tocuisi), identified as Zaachila, the Zapotec capital. There, an ambush had been planned and Lord 8 Deer was killed by 9 Wind and 12 Jaguar. Band iv (right to left). The body of Lord 8 Deer was made into a mortuary bundle and decorated with a large feather crown, sign of his status as a Toltec ruler. The bundle was placed in a tomb with flowers. Lord 8 Alligator ‘Blood Coyote’, the father of Lady 6 Eagle and ruler of Death Town presided over the ceremony. On the day 4 Deer of the year 9 Rabbit (1138), the son of Lord 8 Deer and Lady 6 Eagle, Lord 6 House ‘Jaguar that Came Down from Heaven’ married [Lady 9 Movement ‘Jade Heart’, daughter of Lord 1 Death ‘Sun Serpent’ and Lady 11 Serpent ‘Flower, Quetzal Feathers’ . Only one son is mentioned from this union: Lord 5 Water ‘Stone Jaguar’. He ruled Ñuu Tnoo with his wife Lady 10 Reed ‘Quetzal Jewel’. She belonged to the Toltec branch of the family, being the daughter of lady 1 Flower ‘Quetzal, Jewel of Tollan’ and Lord 8 Deer ‘Plumed Serpent’, who were rulers of Ñuu Niñe (Tonalá). Band iii (left to right). Lord 5 Water and Lady 10 Reed had eight children. The first son: Lord 8 Reed ‘Pheasant’, was probably born in the year 7 Rabbit (1162). The second child was Lady 5 Rabbit ‘Jewel’. The third child, Lord 10 Rabbit ‘Divine Heart’, married Lady 10 Vulture ‘Jewel Fan’ from Monkey Place (probably Teita). The fourth child, Lord 7 Lizard ‘Arrows’, married Lady 2 Rain ‘Red Fan’ from Ñuu Niñe, a younger sister of his mother. Together they ruled the Plain of the Sinking Disk.] The fifth child, Lord 4 Wind ‘Sacred Rubber Ball’ married Lady 10 Wind from Monkey Place (probably Teita). The sixth child, Lord 4 Flower ‘Digging Stick’ married 7 Lizard ‘Irrigated Lands’ from Stone of the Red and White Bundle. The seventh child Lady 6 Alligator ‘Jewel Spiderweb’ married Lord 13 Serpent Eagle from Flint Town. Band ii (right to left). The eighth child, Lady 9 Dog ‘War Jewel’ married Lord 1 Lizard ‘Sacred Serpent’ from Tollan-Cholollan. Lord 8 Reed ‘Pheasant’, the first son of Lord 5 Water Lady 10 Reed, married his younger sister, Lady 5 Rabbit ‘Jewel’. This couple had two sons: 1) Lord 2 Movement ‘Serpent with Markings’, who, while in Ñuu Tnoo, married twice. His first wife was Lady 4 Eagle ‘Blood Garment’ from Monkey Place; she was the daughter of his uncle Lord 10 Rabbit [‘Divine Heart’ and Lady 10 Vulture ‘Jade Fan’. 2) Lord 2 Eagle ‘Smoke Eye’, who married Lady 8 Serpent ‘Flower Garland’. Their seat was at Flowered Feline Town. Lord 2 Movement’s second wife was Lady 10 Eagle ‘Serpent Spiderweb’ from Town of Head and Hands. Band i (left to right). As first born son of Lord 8 Reed and Lady 5 Rabbit, Lord 2 Movement ‘Serpent with Markings’ was the heir to the throne. From his first marriage was born Lord 1 Lizard ‘Blood Jaguar’; from the second, Lord 8 Grass ‘Coyote Sacrificer’. Lord 1 Lizard made offerings in the Temple of Blood and Cacao, Lord 8 Grass in the Temple of Heaven. Both played music, sounding the drum and rattle, for the sacred bundle of 4 Alligator, the deified founder of the Ñuu Tnoo lineage.]"},{"label":"Description","value":"Written in boustrophedon manner, using pictography. 20 of these pages out of 23 are painted on both sides. The pages on the obverse side are numbered in the correct order, 1-20, but those on the reverse side run backwards 40-21, while the horizontal bands are indicated with Roman numerals from the top down: i-v. Due to the boustrophedon pattern, these numbers do not always correspond to the reading sequence. Each band on the obverse side extends over the full opening. As these photographs feature only one page at a time, half the narrative is missing and one needs to have the two facing pages to see it in full. The description therefore is concerned with the full opening, but what features on the facing page appears in square brackets. This book consists of strips of deerskin, glued together, covered with stucco, and folded into 23 pages approximately 250 mm high by 280 mm wide. The obverse side describes the development of the royal lineage of Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) from the early 10th century onwards until the last precolonial king. In a parallel way, the reverse side focuses on the related dynasty of the village-state Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco to the Aztecs). All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/78b119ed-f5bb-4671-8a23-40e0b935f8ec.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0019","@type":"sc:Range","label":"p. 014: Obverse. Book I. Starting at bottom (following from p. 12). Band v (left to right). [Lord 10 Movement ‘Quetzal Owl’ and Lady 2 Grass ‘Sacred Jade’...","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/8d8338b6-cbc3-481d-92c2-eb0f1f8ab0e4.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"p. 014"},{"label":"Description","value":"Obverse. Book I. Starting at bottom (following from p. 12). Band v (left to right). [Lord 10 Movement ‘Quetzal Owl’ and Lady 2 Grass ‘Sacred Jade’ (brother and sister) had two daughters: Lady 13 Rain ‘War Jewel of Tollan’, who married Lord 7 Flint ‘Cloud Serpent’, and Lady 1 Flower ‘Quetzal, Jewel of Tollan’, who married a prince from Steambath, i.e. Ñuu Niñe (Tonalá), Lord 8 Deer ‘Plumed Serpent’. The fifth and last wife of Lord 8 Deer ‘Jaguar Claw’ was Lady 6 Wind ‘Quetzal Feather of Royal Blood’,] from Town of Jaguars, i.e. Ñuu Ñaña (Cuyotepeji). On the day 1 Grass of the year 12 Reed (1115), Lord 8 Deer went hunting in the country of his wife. They reached the Plain of the Magueyes, a frontier area at the foot of a mountain that was a ‘hand, i.e. tributary of ‘Town of the Carrying Frame’ (Tocuisi), identified as Zaachila, the Zapotec capital. There, an ambush had been planned and Lord 8 Deer was killed by 9 Wind and 12 Jaguar. Band iv (right to left). The body of Lord 8 Deer was made into a mortuary bundle and decorated with a large feather crown, sign of his status as a Toltec ruler. The bundle was placed in a tomb with flowers. Lord 8 Alligator ‘Blood Coyote’, the father of Lady 6 Eagle and ruler of Death Town presided over the ceremony. On the day 4 Deer of the year 9 Rabbit (1138), the son of Lord 8 Deer and Lady 6 Eagle, Lord 6 House ‘Jaguar that Came Down from Heaven’ married [Lady 9 Movement ‘Jade Heart’, daughter of Lord 1 Death ‘Sun Serpent’ and Lady 11 Serpent ‘Flower, Quetzal Feathers’ . Only one son is mentioned from this union: Lord 5 Water ‘Stone Jaguar’. He ruled Ñuu Tnoo with his wife Lady 10 Reed ‘Quetzal Jewel’. She belonged to the Toltec branch of the family, being the daughter of lady 1 Flower ‘Quetzal, Jewel of Tollan’ and Lord 8 Deer ‘Plumed Serpent’, who were rulers of Ñuu Niñe (Tonalá). Band iii (left to right). Lord 5 Water and Lady 10 Reed had eight children. The first son: Lord 8 Reed ‘Pheasant’, was probably born in the year 7 Rabbit (1162). The second child was Lady 5 Rabbit ‘Jewel’. The third child, Lord 10 Rabbit ‘Divine Heart’, married Lady 10 Vulture ‘Jewel Fan’ from Monkey Place (probably Teita). The fourth child, Lord 7 Lizard ‘Arrows’, married Lady 2 Rain ‘Red Fan’ from Ñuu Niñe, a younger sister of his mother. Together they ruled the Plain of the Sinking Disk.] The fifth child, Lord 4 Wind ‘Sacred Rubber Ball’ married Lady 10 Wind from Monkey Place (probably Teita). The sixth child, Lord 4 Flower ‘Digging Stick’ married 7 Lizard ‘Irrigated Lands’ from Stone of the Red and White Bundle. The seventh child Lady 6 Alligator ‘Jewel Spiderweb’ married Lord 13 Serpent Eagle from Flint Town. Band ii (right to left). The eighth child, Lady 9 Dog ‘War Jewel’ married Lord 1 Lizard ‘Sacred Serpent’ from Tollan-Cholollan. Lord 8 Reed ‘Pheasant’, the first son of Lord 5 Water Lady 10 Reed, married his younger sister, Lady 5 Rabbit ‘Jewel’. This couple had two sons: 1) Lord 2 Movement ‘Serpent with Markings’, who, while in Ñuu Tnoo, married twice. His first wife was Lady 4 Eagle ‘Blood Garment’ from Monkey Place; she was the daughter of his uncle Lord 10 Rabbit [‘Divine Heart’ and Lady 10 Vulture ‘Jade Fan’. 2) Lord 2 Eagle ‘Smoke Eye’, who married Lady 8 Serpent ‘Flower Garland’. Their seat was at Flowered Feline Town. Lord 2 Movement’s second wife was Lady 10 Eagle ‘Serpent Spiderweb’ from Town of Head and Hands. Band i (left to right). As first born son of Lord 8 Reed and Lady 5 Rabbit, Lord 2 Movement ‘Serpent with Markings’ was the heir to the throne. From his first marriage was born Lord 1 Lizard ‘Blood Jaguar’; from the second, Lord 8 Grass ‘Coyote Sacrificer’. Lord 1 Lizard made offerings in the Temple of Blood and Cacao, Lord 8 Grass in the Temple of Heaven. Both played music, sounding the drum and rattle, for the sacred bundle of 4 Alligator, the deified founder of the Ñuu Tnoo lineage.]"},{"label":"Description","value":"Written in boustrophedon manner, using pictography. 20 of these pages out of 23 are painted on both sides. The pages on the obverse side are numbered in the correct order, 1-20, but those on the reverse side run backwards 40-21, while the horizontal bands are indicated with Roman numerals from the top down: i-v. Due to the boustrophedon pattern, these numbers do not always correspond to the reading sequence. Each band on the obverse side extends over the full opening. As these photographs feature only one page at a time, half the narrative is missing and one needs to have the two facing pages to see it in full. The description therefore is concerned with the full opening, but what features on the facing page appears in square brackets. This book consists of strips of deerskin, glued together, covered with stucco, and folded into 23 pages approximately 250 mm high by 280 mm wide. The obverse side describes the development of the royal lineage of Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) from the early 10th century onwards until the last precolonial king. In a parallel way, the reverse side focuses on the related dynasty of the village-state Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco to the Aztecs). All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/8d8338b6-cbc3-481d-92c2-eb0f1f8ab0e4.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0020","@type":"sc:Range","label":"p. 015: Obverse. Book I. Starting at top (following from p. 14). Band i (left to right). In Mountain of Hair or Fibre, Lord 2 Movement married again. His...","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/3a1616c0-b42e-441a-bf32-5e59f09064be.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"p. 015"},{"label":"Description","value":"Obverse. Book I. Starting at top (following from p. 14). Band i (left to right). In Mountain of Hair or Fibre, Lord 2 Movement married again. His third wife was Lady 12 Flint ‘Jewel Hummingbird’. They had a daughter, Lady 3 Flint ‘Jade Bird’. Also Lord 8 Grass ‘Coyote Sacrificer’ married there. His wife’s name was Lady 10 Jaguar ‘Jewel of Heaven’. Meanwhile, Lord 1 Lizard, who had remained in his town of origin, married Lady 6 Reed ‘Jewel’. [She was the daughter of his great-uncle Lord 7 Lizard ‘Arrows’ and Lady 2 Rain ‘Red Fan’, the rulers of the Plain of the Sinking Disk. This marriage is mentioned after Lord 2 Movement’s, but probably took place earlier, before Lord 1 Lizard chased his half-brother and father away. Lord 1 Lizard and lady 6 reed had 6 children: 1)Lord 12 Reed ‘Coyote Sun’, 2) Lady 3 Jaguar ‘Precious Butterfly Sun’, 3) Lord 8 Jaguar ‘Burning Venus’, 4) Lady 6 Grass ‘Heavenly Butterfly’, who was to marry Lord 8 Rabbit of Flower Town, i.e. Chiyo Cahnu (Teozacualco). Band ii (right to left). 5) Lord 7 Movement ‘Blood Jaguar’ who married Lady 3 Water ‘Venus Garment’ and so became a ruler of Puma Town. 6) Lord 4 Jaguar ‘Serpent, War Snare’ who married Lady 13 Flower ‘Jewel of the Rising Deity (the East). Both ruled Place of the Drum. The first two children, Lord 12 Reed ‘Coyote Sun’ and Lady 3 Jaguar ‘Precious Butterfly Sun’ contracted a brother-sister marriage. They ruled in Ñuu Tnoo.] Lord 12 Reed and Lady 3 Jaguar had two children: 1) Lady 1 Monkey ‘Jade Garment’, who married Lord 12 Rain ‘Fire Serpent with Bloody Claw’ of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco). 2) Lord 5 Rain ‘Sun Movement’ who married his niece Lady 13 Lizard ‘Truly Precious Butterfly’, the daughter of his father’s brother Lord 7 Movement ‘Blood Jaguar’ and Lady 3 Water ‘Venus Garment’, the rulers of Puma Town. Band iii (left to right). Lord 5 Rain and Lady 13 Lizard had a son, Lord 13 Wind ‘Fire Serpent’, who married his father’s cousin Lady 1 Eagle ‘Jade Fan’ on the day 3 Eagle of the year 5 House (1277). She was a daughter of Lord 12 House ‘Fire Serpent that flies through Heaven’ and Lady 11 Alligator ‘Quetzal Spiderweb’, rulers of Broken Town, another sign of Chiyo Cahnu (Teoxacualco). Lord 13 Wind and Lady 1 Eagle only had one child, a son, Lord 9 Serpent ‘Jaguar that Lightens the War’. He was to marry two sisters: Lady 8 Flint [and Lady 7 Flower, from Mountain of Flowers (probably Yucu Ita), daughters of 6 Flower and 6 Death. With his two wives, Lord 9 Serpent had four children: 1) Lord 4 Water ‘Blood Eagle’, who was born in the year 3 House (1301), 2) Lady 6 Reed ‘Plumed Serpent’, who married her father’s cousin, Lord 2 Dog ‘Rope and Knives’ of the dynasty of Chiyo Cahnu and Zaachila. The map of Chiyo Cahnu shows how they took the road from Ñuu Tnoo to Chiyo Cahnu and entered the territory of the kingdom on her ‘birthday’, the day 6 Reed in the year 10 House (1321). Band iv (right to left). 3) Lady 4 Monkey ‘Precious Fire Serpent’, who travelled far to marry Lord 7 Rain ‘Flame of the Rising Deity (the East), ruler of Mountain of the Precious Mask. 4) Lady 6 Rabbit ‘Jewel Seed’, who married Lord 12 Deer ‘Fire Serpent that Lightens the War’, ruler of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco). Lord 9 Serpent’s first-born son, Lord 4 Water ‘Blood Eagle’,] married his niece Lady 6 Water ‘Quetzal, Jewel of the Flower War’, daughter of his sister Lady 6 Reed and Lord 2 Dog of Chiyo Cahnu. On the day 7 Wind of the year 4 House (1341), Lord 4 Water ‘Blood Eagle’ died, together with a Lord 9 Alligator ‘Eagle’, possibly one of his own sons. The deaths of the two men together indicates an unnatural cause, probably war. Band v (left to right)."},{"label":"Description","value":"Written in boustrophedon manner, using pictography. 20 of these pages out of 23 are painted on both sides. The pages on the obverse side are numbered in the correct order, 1-20, but those on the reverse side run backwards 40-21, while the horizontal bands are indicated with Roman numerals from the top down: i-v. Due to the boustrophedon pattern, these numbers do not always correspond to the reading sequence. Each band on the obverse side extends over the full opening. As these photographs feature only one page at a time, half the narrative is missing and one needs to have the two facing pages to see it in full. The description therefore is concerned with the full opening, but what features on the facing page appears in square brackets. This book consists of strips of deerskin, glued together, covered with stucco, and folded into 23 pages approximately 250 mm high by 280 mm wide. The obverse side describes the development of the royal lineage of Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) from the early 10th century onwards until the last precolonial king. In a parallel way, the reverse side focuses on the related dynasty of the village-state Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco to the Aztecs). All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/3a1616c0-b42e-441a-bf32-5e59f09064be.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0021","@type":"sc:Range","label":"p. 015: Obverse. Book I. Band v. Lord 10 Rabbit ‘Ndisi Nuu’ and Lady 11 Rabbit ‘Jewel of the Rising Deity (the East)’, rulers of Ndisi Nuu.","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/aa2d9e51-f7b3-4727-9eee-e2fa6ccad4a1.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"p. 015"},{"label":"Description","value":"Obverse. Book I. Band v.  Lord 10 Rabbit ‘Ndisi Nuu’ and Lady 11 Rabbit ‘Jewel of the Rising Deity (the East)’, rulers of Ndisi Nuu."},{"label":"Description","value":"Written in boustrophedon manner, using pictography. 20 of these pages out of 23 are painted on both sides. The pages on the obverse side are numbered in the correct order, 1-20, but those on the reverse side run backwards 40-21, while the horizontal bands are indicated with Roman numerals from the top down: i-v. Due to the boustrophedon pattern, these numbers do not always correspond to the reading sequence. Each band on the obverse side extends over the full opening. As these photographs feature only one page at a time, half the narrative is missing and one needs to have the two facing pages to see it in full. The description therefore is concerned with the full opening, but what features on the facing page appears in square brackets. This book consists of strips of deerskin, glued together, covered with stucco, and folded into 23 pages approximately 250 mm high by 280 mm wide. The obverse side describes the development of the royal lineage of Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) from the early 10th century onwards until the last precolonial king. In a parallel way, the reverse side focuses on the related dynasty of the village-state Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco to the Aztecs). All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"Astronomy and Astrology. A miscellany: various countries and dates."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/aa2d9e51-f7b3-4727-9eee-e2fa6ccad4a1.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0022","@type":"sc:Range","label":"p. 015: Obverse. Book I. Band ii. Lady 1 Monkey ‘Jade Garment’ marries Lord 12 Rain ‘Fire Serpent with Bloody Claw’ of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco).","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/681307f6-7eab-4516-a411-fcf0ef7ce485.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"p. 015"},{"label":"Description","value":"Obverse. Book I. Band ii. Lady 1 Monkey ‘Jade Garment’ marries Lord 12 Rain ‘Fire Serpent with Bloody Claw’ of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco)."},{"label":"Description","value":"Written in boustrophedon manner, using pictography. 20 of these pages out of 23 are painted on both sides. The pages on the obverse side are numbered in the correct order, 1-20, but those on the reverse side run backwards 40-21, while the horizontal bands are indicated with Roman numerals from the top down: i-v. Due to the boustrophedon pattern, these numbers do not always correspond to the reading sequence. Each band on the obverse side extends over the full opening. As these photographs feature only one page at a time, half the narrative is missing and one needs to have the two facing pages to see it in full. The description therefore is concerned with the full opening, but what features on the facing page appears in square brackets. This book consists of strips of deerskin, glued together, covered with stucco, and folded into 23 pages approximately 250 mm high by 280 mm wide. The obverse side describes the development of the royal lineage of Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) from the early 10th century onwards until the last precolonial king. In a parallel way, the reverse side focuses on the related dynasty of the village-state Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco to the Aztecs). All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"Astronomy and Astrology. A miscellany: various countries and dates."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/681307f6-7eab-4516-a411-fcf0ef7ce485.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0023","@type":"sc:Range","label":"p. 016: Obverse. Book I. Starting at top (following from p. 14). Band i (left to right). [In Mountain of Hair or Fibre, Lord 2 Movement married again. His...","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/59026ab2-e471-4e82-8d07-11eb15973ec8.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"p. 016"},{"label":"Description","value":"Obverse. Book I. Starting at top (following from p. 14). Band i (left to right). [In Mountain of Hair or Fibre, Lord 2 Movement married again. His third wife was Lady 12 Flint ‘Jewel Hummingbird’. They had a daughter, Lady 3 Flint ‘Jade Bird’. Also Lord 8 Grass ‘Coyote Sacrificer’ married there. His wife’s name was Lady 10 Jaguar ‘Jewel of Heaven’. Meanwhile, Lord 1 Lizard, who had remained in his town of origin, married Lady 6 Reed ‘Jewel’.] She was the daughter of his great-uncle Lord 7 Lizard ‘Arrows’ and Lady 2 Rain ‘Red Fan’, the rulers of the Plain of the Sinking Disk. This marriage is mentioned after Lord 2 Movement’s, but probably took place earlier, before Lord 1 Lizard chased his half-brother and father away. Lord 1 Lizard and lady 6 reed had 6 children: 1) Lord 12 Reed ‘Coyote Sun’, 2) Lady 3 Jaguar ‘Precious Butterfly Sun’, 3) Lord 8 Jaguar ‘Burning Venus’, 4) Lady 6 Grass ‘Heavenly Butterfly’, who was to marry Lord 8 Rabbit of Flower Town, i.e. Chiyo Cahnu (Teozacualco). Band ii (right to left). 5) Lord 7 Movement ‘Blood Jaguar’ who married Lady 3 Water ‘Venus Garment’ and so became a ruler of Puma Town. 6) Lord 4 Jaguar ‘Serpent, War Snare’ who married Lady 13 Flower ‘Jewel of the Rising Deity (the East). Both ruled Place of the Drum. The first two children, Lord 12 Reed ‘Coyote Sun’ and Lady 3 Jaguar ‘Precious Butterfly Sun’ contracted a brother-sister marriage. They ruled in Ñuu Tnoo. [Lord 12 Reed and Lady 3 Jaguar had two children: 1) Lady 1 Monkey ‘Jade Garment’, who married Lord 12 Rain ‘Fire Serpent with Bloody Claw’ of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco). 2) Lord 5 Rain ‘Sun Movement’ who married his niece Lady 13 Lizard ‘Truly Precious Butterfly’, the daughter of his father’s brother Lord 7 Movement ‘Blood Jaguar’ and Lady 3 Water ‘Venus Garment’, the rulers of Puma Town. Band iii (left to right). Lord 5 Rain and Lady 13 Lizard had a son, Lord 13 Wind ‘Fire Serpent’, who married his father’s cousin Lady 1 Eagle ‘Jade Fan’ on the day 3 Eagle of the year 5 House (1277). She was a daughter of Lord 12 House ‘Fire Serpent that flies through Heaven’ and Lady 11 Alligator ‘Quetzal Spiderweb’, rulers of Broken Town, another sign of Chiyo Cahnu (Teoxacualco). Lord 13 Wind and Lady 1 Eagle only had one child, a son, Lord 9 Serpent ‘Jaguar that Lightens the War’. He was to marry two sisters: Lady 8 Flint] and Lady 7 Flower, from Mountain of Flowers (probably Yucu Ita), daughters of 6 Flower and 6 Death. With his two wives, Lord 9 Serpent had four children: 1) Lord 4 Water ‘Blood Eagle’, who was born in the year 3 House (1301), 2) Lady 6 Reed ‘Plumed Serpent’, who married her father’s cousin, Lord 2 Dog ‘Rope and Knives’ of the dynasty of Chiyo Cahnu and Zaachila. The map of Chiyo Cahnu shows how they took the road from Ñuu Tnoo to Chiyo Cahnu and entered the territory of the kingdom on her ‘birthday’, the day 6 Reed in the year 10 House (1321). Band iv (right to left). 3) Lady 4 Monkey ‘Precious Fire Serpent’, who travelled far to marry Lord 7 Rain ‘Flame of the Rising Deity (the East), ruler of Mountain of the Precious Mask. 4) Lady 6 Rabbit ‘Jewel Seed’, who married Lord 12 Deer ‘Fire Serpent that Lightens the War’, ruler of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco). Lord 9 Serpent’s first-born son, Lord 4 Water ‘Blood Eagle’, [married his niece Lady 6 Water ‘Quetzal, Jewel of the Flower War’, daughter of his sister Lady 6 Reed and Lord 2 Dog of Chiyo Cahnu. On the day 7 Wind of the year 4 House (1341), Lord 4 Water ‘Blood Eagle’ died, together with a Lord 9 Alligator ‘Eagle’, possibly one of his own sons. The deaths of the two men together indicates an unnatural cause, probably war. Band v (left to right)."},{"label":"Description","value":"Written in boustrophedon manner, using pictography. 20 of these pages out of 23 are painted on both sides. The pages on the obverse side are numbered in the correct order, 1-20, but those on the reverse side run backwards 40-21, while the horizontal bands are indicated with Roman numerals from the top down: i-v. Due to the boustrophedon pattern, these numbers do not always correspond to the reading sequence. Each band on the obverse side extends over the full opening. As these photographs feature only one page at a time, half the narrative is missing and one needs to have the two facing pages to see it in full. The description therefore is concerned with the full opening, but what features on the facing page appears in square brackets. This book consists of strips of deerskin, glued together, covered with stucco, and folded into 23 pages approximately 250 mm high by 280 mm wide. The obverse side describes the development of the royal lineage of Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) from the early 10th century onwards until the last precolonial king. In a parallel way, the reverse side focuses on the related dynasty of the village-state Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco to the Aztecs). All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/59026ab2-e471-4e82-8d07-11eb15973ec8.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0024","@type":"sc:Range","label":"p. 017: Obverse. Book I. Starting at bottom (following from p. 16). Band v (left to right). [In Lady 10 Water ‘Ñuu Dzaui Fan’ first married Lord 11 Serpent...","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/9d574c40-48df-4acc-8584-6d92a30afa9e.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"p. 017"},{"label":"Description","value":"Obverse. Book I. Starting at bottom (following from p. 16). Band v (left to right). [In Lady 10 Water ‘Ñuu Dzaui Fan’ first married Lord 11 Serpent ‘Eagle of the Ballcourt’ from River of Gold and Feathers, and then Lord 13 Jaguar ‘War Beard’, king of Death Town Ñuu Ndaya. Lord 9 House, who through his military victories and bravery had gained the honorific name of ‘Jaguar that Burns the Nahuas’, then arrived in Ñuu Tnoo. He was the son of Lord 2 Dog and Lady 6 Reed, the rulers of Chiyo Cahnu. In the year 3 House (1353) on the day 4 Eagle, he married Lady 3 Rabbit ‘Divine (Ñuhu) Spiderweb’.] She was the heir princess of the Heaven Temple (of Ñuu Tnoo) and of the Mountain of Flowers (probably because of the marriage of her sister to a ruler of that place). Lord 9 House and Lady 3 Rabbit had the following 6 children: 1) Lord 2 Water ‘Fire Serpent that Burns the Nahuas’ (his birth-year is given as 4 House, but one the basis of another manuscript this must be corrected to 7 House (1357). 2) Lady 13 Flint ‘Precious Quetzal’. 3) Lady 5 Eagle ‘Flower Serpent’, who married Lord 2 Vulture of Drum Town. Band iv (right to left). 4) Lady 10 Deer ‘Jaguar Garment’. 5) Lady 11 Serpent ‘Plumed Serpent’, who married Lord 6 Vulture ‘Jaguar with Knife’, ruler of the Mountain of Red and White Bundle. 6) Lady 1 Serpent ‘Fan of the Rising Sun’, who married Lord 2 Jaguar ‘Breath of Earth’, ruler of Añute. [The first-born son Lord 9 House and Lady 3 Rabbit was Lord 2 Water ‘Fire Serpent that Burns the Nahuas’. He had several wives, mentioned here in dynastic rather than chronological order. First the codex tells us about the marriage of Lord 2 Water and Lady 3 Alligator ‘Jade Fan’, daughter of Lord 11 Water ‘Rain Knife’ and Lady 13 Serpent ‘Quetzal Serpent’, who ruled Zaachila, the capital of the Beni Zaa (Zapotecs) in the valley of Oaxaca. They had 6 children: 1) Lord 5 Reed ‘Twenty Jaguars’, born in the year 8 House (1397). Band iii (left to right). 2) Lord 5 Rain ‘Eagle that Comes Down from Heaven’ born in the year 12 House (1402). 3) Lady 11 Reed ‘Jewel of the Flower War’. 4) Lady 8 Wind ‘Flower of the Rising Deity (the East)’. 5) Lord 8 Vulture ‘Fire Serpent in Flames’. 6) Lord 10 Movement ‘Coyote Sun’.] Moreover, Lord 2 Water married Lady 2 Vulture ‘Flower Jewel’, daughter of Lord 7 Grass ‘Blood Jaguar’ and Lady 6 Rabbit ‘Sun Garment’, rulers of Monkey Town (Teita). This lord 7 Grass had also married the younger sister of Lord 2 Water’s mother (see p. 16-v). Lord 2 Water and Lady 2 Vulture had a daughter: Lady 12 Flower ‘Split Mountain Butterfly’. She married Lord 13 Eagle ‘Blood Jaguar’ of Chiyo Yuhu (Suchixtlan), the son of Lord 12 Movement ‘Jaguar that Burns the Mexicans’ and Lady 1 Jaguar ‘Heavenly Fan’. Both ruled at Chiyo Yuhu and had several children. Band ii (right to left). Before mentioning these, it is stated that Lord 2 Water also married his sister, Lady 13 Flint ‘Precious Quetzal’ (here written as 12 Flint), and fathered a son, Lord 11 Rain ‘Dark Eagle’ who went to attend a sanctuary in a cave. The children of Lord 12 Movement ‘Jaguar that Burns the Mexicans’ and Lady 1 Jaguar ‘Heavenly Fan’ were: 1) Lord 6 Deer, ‘Rain God of Burning Tobacco’, i.e. ‘sacred rain’, whose birth-year is given as 7 House, but which should probably be 4 House (1393).  2) Lady 9 Eagle ‘Cacao Flower’, [who married Lord 13 Jaguar ‘War Eagle’ of Monkey Town. 3) Lady 5 Serpent ‘Plumed Serpent’ who married Lord 3 Monkey ‘Jaguar that Burns the Nahuas’, ruler of Spiderweb Place, i.e. Andua in the Valley of Yanhuitlan. 4) Lady 2 Flower ‘Jewel of the Rising Deity (the East)’, who married Lord 6 Death from Place of Head with Mouth and Words, i.e. the twin capitals of Adzeque (San Miguel Adeques) and Ñuu Naha (San Pedro Cántaros) in the Valley of Nochixtlan."},{"label":"Description","value":"Written in boustrophedon manner, using pictography. 20 of these pages out of 23 are painted on both sides. The pages on the obverse side are numbered in the correct order, 1-20, but those on the reverse side run backwards 40-21, while the horizontal bands are indicated with Roman numerals from the top down: i-v. Due to the boustrophedon pattern, these numbers do not always correspond to the reading sequence. Each band on the obverse side extends over the full opening. As these photographs feature only one page at a time, half the narrative is missing and one needs to have the two facing pages to see it in full. The description therefore is concerned with the full opening, but what features on the facing page appears in square brackets. This book consists of strips of deerskin, glued together, covered with stucco, and folded into 23 pages approximately 250 mm high by 280 mm wide. The obverse side describes the development of the royal lineage of Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) from the early 10th century onwards until the last precolonial king. In a parallel way, the reverse side focuses on the related dynasty of the village-state Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco to the Aztecs). All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/9d574c40-48df-4acc-8584-6d92a30afa9e.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0025","@type":"sc:Range","label":"p. 018: Obverse. Book I. Starting at bottom (following from p. 16). Band v (left to right). [In Lady 10 Water ‘Ñuu Dzaui Fan’ first married Lord 11 Serpent...","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/e31cf3f9-b94d-4d63-a0c4-c173e863e0be.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"p. 018"},{"label":"Description","value":"Obverse. Book I. Starting at bottom (following from p. 16). Band v (left to right). [In Lady 10 Water ‘Ñuu Dzaui Fan’ first married Lord 11 Serpent ‘Eagle of the Ballcourt’ from River of Gold and Feathers, and then Lord 13 Jaguar ‘War Beard’, king of Death Town Ñuu Ndaya. Lord 9 House, who through his military victories and bravery had gained the honorific name of ‘Jaguar that Burns the Nahuas’, then arrived in Ñuu Tnoo. He was the son of Lord 2 Dog and Lady 6 Reed, the rulers of Chiyo Cahnu. In the year 3 House (1353) on the day 4 Eagle, he married Lady 3 Rabbit ‘Divine (Ñuhu) Spiderweb’.] She was the heir princess of the Heaven Temple (of Ñuu Tnoo) and of the Mountain of Flowers (probably because of the marriage of her sister to a ruler of that place). Lord 9 House and Lady 3 Rabbit had the following 6 children: 1) Lord 2 Water ‘Fire Serpent that Burns the Nahuas’ (his birth-year is given as 4 House, but one the basis of another manuscript this must be corrected to 7 House (1357). 2) Lady 13 Flint ‘Precious Quetzal’. 3) Lady 5 Eagle ‘Flower Serpent’, who married Lord 2 Vulture of Drum Town. Band iv (right to left). 4) Lady 10 Deer ‘Jaguar Garment’. 5) Lady 11 Serpent ‘Plumed Serpent’, who married Lord 6 Vulture ‘Jaguar with Knife’, ruler of the Mountain of Red and White Bundle. 6) Lady 1 Serpent ‘Fan of the Rising Sun’, who married Lord 2 Jaguar ‘Breath of Earth’, ruler of Añute. [The first-born son Lord 9 House and Lady 3 Rabbit was Lord 2 Water ‘Fire Serpent that Burns the Nahuas’. He had several wives, mentioned here in dynastic rather than chronological order. First the codex tells us about the marriage of Lord 2 Water and Lady 3 Alligator ‘Jade Fan’, daughter of Lord 11 Water ‘Rain Knife’ and Lady 13 Serpent ‘Quetzal Serpent’, who ruled Zaachila, the capital of the Beni Zaa (Zapotecs) in the valley of Oaxaca. They had 6 children: 1) Lord 5 Reed ‘Twenty Jaguars’, born in the year 8 House (1397). Band iii (left to right). 2) Lord 5 Rain ‘Eagle that Comes Down from Heaven’ born in the year 12 House (1402). 3) Lady 11 Reed ‘Jewel of the Flower War’. 4) Lady 8 Wind ‘Flower of the Rising Deity (the East)’. 5) Lord 8 Vulture ‘Fire Serpent in Flames’. 6) Lord 10 Movement ‘Coyote Sun’.] Moreover, Lord 2 Water married Lady 2 Vulture ‘Flower Jewel’, daughter of Lord 7 Grass ‘Blood Jaguar’ and Lady 6 Rabbit ‘Sun Garment’, rulers of Monkey Town (Teita). This lord 7 Grass had also married the younger sister of Lord 2 Water’s mother (see p. 16-v). Lord 2 Water and Lady 2 Vulture had a daughter: Lady 12 Flower ‘Split Mountain Butterfly’. She married Lord 13 Eagle ‘Blood Jaguar’ of Chiyo Yuhu (Suchixtlan), the son of Lord 12 Movement ‘Jaguar that Burns the Mexicans’ and Lady 1 Jaguar ‘Heavenly Fan’. Both ruled at Chiyo Yuhu and had several children. Band ii (right to left). Before mentioning these, it is stated that Lord 2 Water also married his sister, Lady 13 Flint ‘Precious Quetzal’ (here written as 12 Flint), and fathered a son, Lord 11 Rain ‘Dark Eagle’ who went to attend a sanctuary in a cave. The children of Lord 12 Movement ‘Jaguar that Burns the Mexicans’ and Lady 1 Jaguar ‘Heavenly Fan’ were: 1) Lord 6 Deer, ‘Rain God of Burning Tobacco’, i.e. ‘sacred rain’, whose birth-year is given as 7 House, but which should probably be 4 House (1393).  2) Lady 9 Eagle ‘Cacao Flower’, [who married Lord 13 Jaguar ‘War Eagle’ of Monkey Town. 3) Lady 5 Serpent ‘Plumed Serpent’ who married Lord 3 Monkey ‘Jaguar that Burns the Nahuas’, ruler of Spiderweb Place, i.e. Andua in the Valley of Yanhuitlan. 4) Lady 2 Flower ‘Jewel of the Rising Deity (the East)’, who married Lord 6 Death from Place of Head with Mouth and Words, i.e. the twin capitals of Adzeque (San Miguel Adeques) and Ñuu Naha (San Pedro Cántaros) in the Valley of Nochixtlan."},{"label":"Description","value":"Written in boustrophedon manner, using pictography. 20 of these pages out of 23 are painted on both sides. The pages on the obverse side are numbered in the correct order, 1-20, but those on the reverse side run backwards 40-21, while the horizontal bands are indicated with Roman numerals from the top down: i-v. Due to the boustrophedon pattern, these numbers do not always correspond to the reading sequence. Each band on the obverse side extends over the full opening. As these photographs feature only one page at a time, half the narrative is missing and one needs to have the two facing pages to see it in full. The description therefore is concerned with the full opening, but what features on the facing page appears in square brackets. This book consists of strips of deerskin, glued together, covered with stucco, and folded into 23 pages approximately 250 mm high by 280 mm wide. The obverse side describes the development of the royal lineage of Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) from the early 10th century onwards until the last precolonial king. In a parallel way, the reverse side focuses on the related dynasty of the village-state Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco to the Aztecs). All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/e31cf3f9-b94d-4d63-a0c4-c173e863e0be.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0026","@type":"sc:Range","label":"p. 019: Obverse. Book I. Starting at top (following from p. 17). Band i (left to right). 2) Lady 2 Water ‘Plumed Sun’, who married Lord 1 Monkey ‘Rain Sun’...","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/e8979a0e-f2c6-46cb-8e8b-2d93d4f3c1ac.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"p. 019"},{"label":"Description","value":"Obverse. Book I. Starting at top (following from p. 17). Band i (left to right). 2) Lady 2 Water ‘Plumed Sun’, who married Lord 1 Monkey ‘Rain Sun’ of Añute. 3) Lord 13 Grass ‘Serpent with Markings’, who married Lady 10 Vulture, the daughter of Lord 11 Jaguar [and Lady 12 Flint, rulers of Mountain of Flowers (probably Yucu Ita). They established themselves in Valley of the Sand Pot, the Rosette and the Tree. 4) Lady 4 Water ‘Butterfly with Red Spots’, who married Lord 8 Monkey of Chiyo Yuhu (Suchixtlan). 5) Lord 7 Reed ‘Blood Jaguar’. 6) Lord 11 Rain ‘Sun Coyote’, who settled in Black Valley and married Lady 8 Deer from Mountain of Flowers. She was probably the sister of her elder brother’s wife. Band ii (right to left). 7) Lady 7 Deer, who married Lord 8 Grass ‘Rain Sun’, the ruler of Ndisi Nuu. The first-born, Lord 10 Rain ‘Rain Sun’ became ruler of Ñuu Tnoo. He married his cousin, Lady 5 Wind ‘Cacao Flower’, the daughter of his father’s brother, Lord 4 Death ‘War Venus’, and Lady 11 Monkey, ‘Jade Spiderweb’, rulers of Chiyo Yuhu.] Lord 10 Rain and Lady 5 Wind had four children: 1) Lady 5 Monkey ‘Seed of Split Hill’ born in the year 12 Rabbit (1466), who married Lord 4 Serpent ‘Blood Eagle’, Prince of Añute. 2) Lord 4 Deer ‘Ndisi Nuu Eagle’, whose birth year is not specified but should probably be 9 Flint (associated with the birth of his father in the present manuscript), i.e. 1476. He was ruling in Ñuu Tnoo in the eve of the conquest, according to the Relación Geográfica of that town. 3) Lord 7 Reed ‘War Venus’ who married Lady 4 Alligator ‘Spiderweb’, a princess of At the Foot of the Altar (Sachio) Band iii (left to right). 4) Lord 8 Death ‘Jaguar, Fire Serpent’ who married Lady 1 Flower ‘Jaguar Garment’. They ruled in Plain with Mouth, Place of Bird with Arrow Beak’, which must refer to Yodzo Cahi (Yanhuitlan), as an early colonial document identifies that at the place where this couple ruled. The names appear in alphabetic script as Namahu (8 Death) and Cauaco (1 Flower). Lord 4 Deer ‘Ndisi Nuu Eagle’ married Lady 11 Serpent. The obverse side ends with the scene of this pair ruling Ñuu Tnoo. It is therefore plausible that the manuscript was prepared precisely for this marriage, leaving a lot of space open to continue the history with the children and grandchildren that this couple was expected to have."},{"label":"Description","value":"Written in boustrophedon manner, using pictography. 20 of these pages out of 23 are painted on both sides. The pages on the obverse side are numbered in the correct order, 1-20, but those on the reverse side run backwards 40-21, while the horizontal bands are indicated with Roman numerals from the top down: i-v. Due to the boustrophedon pattern, these numbers do not always correspond to the reading sequence. Each band on the obverse side extends over the full opening. As these photographs feature only one page at a time, half the narrative is missing and one needs to have the two facing pages to see it in full. The description therefore is concerned with the full opening, but what features on the facing page appears in square brackets. This book consists of strips of deerskin, glued together, covered with stucco, and folded into 23 pages approximately 250 mm high by 280 mm wide. The obverse side describes the development of the royal lineage of Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) from the early 10th century onwards until the last precolonial king. In a parallel way, the reverse side focuses on the related dynasty of the village-state Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco to the Aztecs). All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/e8979a0e-f2c6-46cb-8e8b-2d93d4f3c1ac.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0027","@type":"sc:Range","label":"p. 020: Obverse. Book I. Starting at top (following from p. 17). Band i (left to right). [2) Lady 2 Water ‘Plumed Sun’, who married Lord 1 Monkey ‘Rain...","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/fe6a223d-23fb-4607-875f-05d414ccd766.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"p. 020"},{"label":"Description","value":"Obverse. Book I. Starting at top (following from p. 17). Band i (left to right). [2) Lady 2 Water ‘Plumed Sun’, who married Lord 1 Monkey ‘Rain Sun’ of Añute. 3) Lord 13 Grass ‘Serpent with Markings’, who married Lady 10 Vulture, the daughter of Lord 11 Jaguar] and Lady 12 Flint, rulers of Mountain of Flowers (probably Yucu Ita). They established themselves in Valley of the Sand Pot, the Rosette and the Tree. 4) Lady 4 Water ‘Butterfly with Red Spots’, who married Lord 8 Monkey of Chiyo Yuhu (Suchixtlan). 5) Lord 7 Reed ‘Blood Jaguar’. 6) Lord 11 Rain ‘Sun Coyote’, who settled in Black Valley and married Lady 8 Deer from Mountain of Flowers. She was probably the sister of her elder brother’s wife. Band ii (right to left). 7) Lady 7 Deer, who married Lord 8 Grass ‘Rain Sun’, the ruler of Ndisi Nuu. The first-born, Lord 10 Rain ‘Rain Sun’ became ruler of Ñuu Tnoo. He married his cousin, Lady 5 Wind ‘Cacao Flower’, the daughter of his father’s brother, Lord 4 Death ‘War Venus’, and Lady 11 Monkey, ‘Jade Spiderweb’, rulers of Chiyo Yuhu. [Lord 10 Rain and Lady 5 Wind had four children: 1) Lady 5 Monkey ‘Seed of Split Hill’ born in the year 12 Rabbit (1466), who married Lord 4 Serpent ‘Blood Eagle’, Prince of Añute. 2) Lord 4 Deer ‘Ndisi Nuu Eagle’, whose birth year is not specified but should probably be 9 Flint (associated with the birth of his father in the present manuscript), i.e. 1476. He was ruling in Ñuu Tnoo in the eve of the conquest, according to the Relación Geográfica of that town. 3) Lord 7 Reed ‘War Venus’ who married Lady 4 Alligator ‘Spiderweb’, a princess of At the Foot of the Altar (Sachio) Band iii (left to right). 4) Lord 8 Death ‘Jaguar, Fire Serpent’ who married Lady 1 Flower ‘Jaguar Garment’. They ruled in Plain with Mouth, Place of Bird with Arrow Beak’, which must refer to Yodzo Cahi (Yanhuitlan), as an early colonial document identifies that at the place where this couple ruled. The names appear in alphabetic script as Namahu (8 Death) and Cauaco (1 Flower). Lord 4 Deer ‘Ndisi Nuu Eagle’ married Lady 11 Serpent. The obverse side ends with the scene of this pair ruling Ñuu Tnoo. It is therefore plausible that the manuscript was prepared precisely for this marriage, leaving a lot of space open to continue the history with the children and grandchildren that this couple was expected to have.] End of the first part."},{"label":"Description","value":"Written in boustrophedon manner, using pictography. 20 of these pages out of 23 are painted on both sides. The pages on the obverse side are numbered in the correct order, 1-20, but those on the reverse side run backwards 40-21, while the horizontal bands are indicated with Roman numerals from the top down: i-v. Due to the boustrophedon pattern, these numbers do not always correspond to the reading sequence. Each band on the obverse side extends over the full opening. As these photographs feature only one page at a time, half the narrative is missing and one needs to have the two facing pages to see it in full. The description therefore is concerned with the full opening, but what features on the facing page appears in square brackets. This book consists of strips of deerskin, glued together, covered with stucco, and folded into 23 pages approximately 250 mm high by 280 mm wide. The obverse side describes the development of the royal lineage of Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) from the early 10th century onwards until the last precolonial king. In a parallel way, the reverse side focuses on the related dynasty of the village-state Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco to the Aztecs). All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/fe6a223d-23fb-4607-875f-05d414ccd766.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0028","@type":"sc:Range","label":"p. 021: Reverse. End of Book II. The Dynasty of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco).","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/0d46c713-5c8e-4766-a478-774e70f50fb8.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"p. 021"},{"label":"Description","value":"Reverse. End of Book II. The Dynasty of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco)."},{"label":"Description","value":"Written in boustrophedon manner, using pictography. 20 of these pages out of 23 are painted on both sides. The pages on the obverse side are numbered in the correct order, 1-20, but those on the reverse side run backwards 40-21, while the horizontal bands are indicated with Roman numerals from the top down: i-v. Due to the boustrophedon pattern, these numbers do not always correspond to the reading sequence. Each band on the reverse side does not always extend over the full opening. This book consists of strips of deerskin, glued together, covered with stucco, and folded into 23 pages approximately 250 mm high by 280 mm wide. The obverse side describes the development of the royal lineage of Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) from the early 10th century onwards until the last precolonial king. In a parallel way, the reverse side focuses on the related dynasty of the village-state Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco to the Aztecs). All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/0d46c713-5c8e-4766-a478-774e70f50fb8.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0029","@type":"sc:Range","label":"p. 022: Reverse. Book II. The Dynasty of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco). Follows from p. 23.","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/90d172b6-ccc4-44a3-a714-e0695c0286d7.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"p. 022"},{"label":"Description","value":"Reverse. Book II. The Dynasty of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco). Follows from p. 23."},{"label":"Description","value":"Written in boustrophedon manner, using pictography. 20 of these pages out of 23 are painted on both sides. The pages on the obverse side are numbered in the correct order, 1-20, but those on the reverse side run backwards 40-21, while the horizontal bands are indicated with Roman numerals from the top down: i-v. Due to the boustrophedon pattern, these numbers do not always correspond to the reading sequence. Each band on the reverse side does not always extend over the full opening. This book consists of strips of deerskin, glued together, covered with stucco, and folded into 23 pages approximately 250 mm high by 280 mm wide. The obverse side describes the development of the royal lineage of Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) from the early 10th century onwards until the last precolonial king. In a parallel way, the reverse side focuses on the related dynasty of the village-state Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco to the Aztecs). All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/90d172b6-ccc4-44a3-a714-e0695c0286d7.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0030","@type":"sc:Range","label":"p. 023: Reverse. Book II. The Dynasty of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco).","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/bc8b6b63-897f-4a90-9843-2ef45d7e7759.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"p. 023"},{"label":"Description","value":"Reverse. Book II. The Dynasty of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco)."},{"label":"Description","value":"Written in boustrophedon manner, using pictography. 20 of these pages out of 23 are painted on both sides. The pages on the obverse side are numbered in the correct order, 1-20, but those on the reverse side run backwards 40-21, while the horizontal bands are indicated with Roman numerals from the top down: i-v. Due to the boustrophedon pattern, these numbers do not always correspond to the reading sequence. Each band on the reverse side does not always extend over the full opening. This book consists of strips of deerskin, glued together, covered with stucco, and folded into 23 pages approximately 250 mm high by 280 mm wide. The obverse side describes the development of the royal lineage of Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) from the early 10th century onwards until the last precolonial king. In a parallel way, the reverse side focuses on the related dynasty of the village-state Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco to the Aztecs). All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/bc8b6b63-897f-4a90-9843-2ef45d7e7759.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0031","@type":"sc:Range","label":"p. 024: Reverse. Book II. The Dynasty of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco). Follows from p. 25.","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/b7636745-fbfe-4853-a231-aed8a3ee24ac.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"p. 024"},{"label":"Description","value":"Reverse. Book II. The Dynasty of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco). Follows from p. 25."},{"label":"Description","value":"Written in boustrophedon manner, using pictography. 20 of these pages out of 23 are painted on both sides. The pages on the obverse side are numbered in the correct order, 1-20, but those on the reverse side run backwards 40-21, while the horizontal bands are indicated with Roman numerals from the top down: i-v. Due to the boustrophedon pattern, these numbers do not always correspond to the reading sequence. Each band on the reverse side does not always extend over the full opening. This book consists of strips of deerskin, glued together, covered with stucco, and folded into 23 pages approximately 250 mm high by 280 mm wide. The obverse side describes the development of the royal lineage of Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) from the early 10th century onwards until the last precolonial king. In a parallel way, the reverse side focuses on the related dynasty of the village-state Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco to the Aztecs). All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/b7636745-fbfe-4853-a231-aed8a3ee24ac.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0032","@type":"sc:Range","label":"p. 025: Reverse. Book II. The Dynasty of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco).","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/b9df715a-85f3-47ee-b4fc-7a8f0627403f.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"p. 025"},{"label":"Description","value":"Reverse. Book II. The Dynasty of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco)."},{"label":"Description","value":"Written in boustrophedon manner, using pictography. 20 of these pages out of 23 are painted on both sides. The pages on the obverse side are numbered in the correct order, 1-20, but those on the reverse side run backwards 40-21, while the horizontal bands are indicated with Roman numerals from the top down: i-v. Due to the boustrophedon pattern, these numbers do not always correspond to the reading sequence. Each band on the reverse side does not always extend over the full opening. This book consists of strips of deerskin, glued together, covered with stucco, and folded into 23 pages approximately 250 mm high by 280 mm wide. The obverse side describes the development of the royal lineage of Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) from the early 10th century onwards until the last precolonial king. In a parallel way, the reverse side focuses on the related dynasty of the village-state Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco to the Aztecs). All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/b9df715a-85f3-47ee-b4fc-7a8f0627403f.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0033","@type":"sc:Range","label":"p. 026: Reverse. Book II. The Dynasty of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco). Follows from p. 27.","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/6d0f2bd6-7458-4eb4-b2e8-ee3d926091ad.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"p. 026"},{"label":"Description","value":"Reverse. Book II. The Dynasty of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco). Follows from p. 27."},{"label":"Description","value":"Written in boustrophedon manner, using pictography. 20 of these pages out of 23 are painted on both sides. The pages on the obverse side are numbered in the correct order, 1-20, but those on the reverse side run backwards 40-21, while the horizontal bands are indicated with Roman numerals from the top down: i-v. Due to the boustrophedon pattern, these numbers do not always correspond to the reading sequence. Each band on the reverse side does not always extend over the full opening. This book consists of strips of deerskin, glued together, covered with stucco, and folded into 23 pages approximately 250 mm high by 280 mm wide. The obverse side describes the development of the royal lineage of Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) from the early 10th century onwards until the last precolonial king. In a parallel way, the reverse side focuses on the related dynasty of the village-state Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco to the Aztecs). All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/6d0f2bd6-7458-4eb4-b2e8-ee3d926091ad.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0034","@type":"sc:Range","label":"p. 027: Reverse. Book II. The Dynasty of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco).","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/ce5cc897-a1af-4102-8e29-d592a6c70100.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"p. 027"},{"label":"Description","value":"Reverse. Book II. The Dynasty of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco)."},{"label":"Description","value":"Written in boustrophedon manner, using pictography. 20 of these pages out of 23 are painted on both sides. The pages on the obverse side are numbered in the correct order, 1-20, but those on the reverse side run backwards 40-21, while the horizontal bands are indicated with Roman numerals from the top down: i-v. Due to the boustrophedon pattern, these numbers do not always correspond to the reading sequence. Each band on the reverse side does not always extend over the full opening. This book consists of strips of deerskin, glued together, covered with stucco, and folded into 23 pages approximately 250 mm high by 280 mm wide. The obverse side describes the development of the royal lineage of Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) from the early 10th century onwards until the last precolonial king. In a parallel way, the reverse side focuses on the related dynasty of the village-state Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco to the Aztecs). All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/ce5cc897-a1af-4102-8e29-d592a6c70100.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0035","@type":"sc:Range","label":"p. 028: Reverse. Book II. The Dynasty of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco). Follows from p. 29.","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/0dfcab6a-2c4e-4073-9ba8-5048b5fc5462.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"p. 028"},{"label":"Description","value":"Reverse. Book II. The Dynasty of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco). Follows from p. 29."},{"label":"Description","value":"Written in boustrophedon manner, using pictography. 20 of these pages out of 23 are painted on both sides. The pages on the obverse side are numbered in the correct order, 1-20, but those on the reverse side run backwards 40-21, while the horizontal bands are indicated with Roman numerals from the top down: i-v. Due to the boustrophedon pattern, these numbers do not always correspond to the reading sequence. Each band on the reverse side does not always extend over the full opening. This book consists of strips of deerskin, glued together, covered with stucco, and folded into 23 pages approximately 250 mm high by 280 mm wide. The obverse side describes the development of the royal lineage of Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) from the early 10th century onwards until the last precolonial king. In a parallel way, the reverse side focuses on the related dynasty of the village-state Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco to the Aztecs). All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/0dfcab6a-2c4e-4073-9ba8-5048b5fc5462.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0036","@type":"sc:Range","label":"p. 029: Reverse. Book II. The Dynasty of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco).","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/070fa06f-ada7-4c65-8eef-a7a4ff03678a.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"p. 029"},{"label":"Description","value":"Reverse. Book II. The Dynasty of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco)."},{"label":"Description","value":"Written in boustrophedon manner, using pictography. 20 of these pages out of 23 are painted on both sides. The pages on the obverse side are numbered in the correct order, 1-20, but those on the reverse side run backwards 40-21, while the horizontal bands are indicated with Roman numerals from the top down: i-v. Due to the boustrophedon pattern, these numbers do not always correspond to the reading sequence. Each band on the reverse side does not always extend over the full opening. This book consists of strips of deerskin, glued together, covered with stucco, and folded into 23 pages approximately 250 mm high by 280 mm wide. The obverse side describes the development of the royal lineage of Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) from the early 10th century onwards until the last precolonial king. In a parallel way, the reverse side focuses on the related dynasty of the village-state Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco to the Aztecs). All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/070fa06f-ada7-4c65-8eef-a7a4ff03678a.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0037","@type":"sc:Range","label":"p. 030: Reverse. Book II. The Dynasty of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco). Follows from p. 31.","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/ffc3405a-e915-42e3-bf17-669f6231cdea.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"p. 030"},{"label":"Description","value":"Reverse. Book II. The Dynasty of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco). Follows from p. 31."},{"label":"Description","value":"Written in boustrophedon manner, using pictography. 20 of these pages out of 23 are painted on both sides. The pages on the obverse side are numbered in the correct order, 1-20, but those on the reverse side run backwards 40-21, while the horizontal bands are indicated with Roman numerals from the top down: i-v. Due to the boustrophedon pattern, these numbers do not always correspond to the reading sequence. Each band on the reverse side does not always extend over the full opening. This book consists of strips of deerskin, glued together, covered with stucco, and folded into 23 pages approximately 250 mm high by 280 mm wide. The obverse side describes the development of the royal lineage of Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) from the early 10th century onwards until the last precolonial king. In a parallel way, the reverse side focuses on the related dynasty of the village-state Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco to the Aztecs). All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/ffc3405a-e915-42e3-bf17-669f6231cdea.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0038","@type":"sc:Range","label":"p. 031: Reverse. Book II. The Dynasty of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco).","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/9f2e454d-211c-47c6-bd1f-bd82aa90b464.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"p. 031"},{"label":"Description","value":"Reverse. Book II. The Dynasty of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco)."},{"label":"Description","value":"Written in boustrophedon manner, using pictography. 20 of these pages out of 23 are painted on both sides. The pages on the obverse side are numbered in the correct order, 1-20, but those on the reverse side run backwards 40-21, while the horizontal bands are indicated with Roman numerals from the top down: i-v. Due to the boustrophedon pattern, these numbers do not always correspond to the reading sequence. Each band on the reverse side does not always extend over the full opening. This book consists of strips of deerskin, glued together, covered with stucco, and folded into 23 pages approximately 250 mm high by 280 mm wide. The obverse side describes the development of the royal lineage of Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) from the early 10th century onwards until the last precolonial king. In a parallel way, the reverse side focuses on the related dynasty of the village-state Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco to the Aztecs). All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/9f2e454d-211c-47c6-bd1f-bd82aa90b464.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0039","@type":"sc:Range","label":"p. 032: Reverse. Book II. The Dynasty of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco). Follows from p. 33.","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/b20cf98a-531d-4f1a-a3a4-b955b4e4e9d0.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"p. 032"},{"label":"Description","value":"Reverse. Book II. The Dynasty of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco). Follows from p. 33."},{"label":"Description","value":"Written in boustrophedon manner, using pictography. 20 of these pages out of 23 are painted on both sides. The pages on the obverse side are numbered in the correct order, 1-20, but those on the reverse side run backwards 40-21, while the horizontal bands are indicated with Roman numerals from the top down: i-v. Due to the boustrophedon pattern, these numbers do not always correspond to the reading sequence. Each band on the reverse side does not always extend over the full opening. This book consists of strips of deerskin, glued together, covered with stucco, and folded into 23 pages approximately 250 mm high by 280 mm wide. The obverse side describes the development of the royal lineage of Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) from the early 10th century onwards until the last precolonial king. In a parallel way, the reverse side focuses on the related dynasty of the village-state Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco to the Aztecs). All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/b20cf98a-531d-4f1a-a3a4-b955b4e4e9d0.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0040","@type":"sc:Range","label":"p. 032: Reverse. Book II. The Dynasty of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco). Band iv. Temple of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco).","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/f97c06d3-7b89-43e4-a149-2281860aa5f5.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"p. 032"},{"label":"Description","value":"Reverse. Book II. The Dynasty of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco). Band iv. Temple of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco)."},{"label":"Description","value":"Written in boustrophedon manner, using pictography. 20 of these pages out of 23 are painted on both sides. The pages on the obverse side are numbered in the correct order, 1-20, but those on the reverse side run backwards 40-21, while the horizontal bands are indicated with Roman numerals from the top down: i-v. Due to the boustrophedon pattern, these numbers do not always correspond to the reading sequence. Each band on the reverse side does not always extend over the full opening. This book consists of strips of deerskin, glued together, covered with stucco, and folded into 23 pages approximately 250 mm high by 280 mm wide. The obverse side describes the development of the royal lineage of Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) from the early 10th century onwards until the last precolonial king. In a parallel way, the reverse side focuses on the related dynasty of the village-state Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco to the Aztecs). All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"Astronomy and Astrology. A miscellany: various countries and dates."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/f97c06d3-7b89-43e4-a149-2281860aa5f5.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0041","@type":"sc:Range","label":"p. 033: Reverse. Book II. The Dynasty of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco).","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/04270a76-27ae-474c-ae02-0671352d2df1.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"p. 033"},{"label":"Description","value":"Reverse. Book II. The Dynasty of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco)."},{"label":"Description","value":"Written in boustrophedon manner, using pictography. 20 of these pages out of 23 are painted on both sides. The pages on the obverse side are numbered in the correct order, 1-20, but those on the reverse side run backwards 40-21, while the horizontal bands are indicated with Roman numerals from the top down: i-v. Due to the boustrophedon pattern, these numbers do not always correspond to the reading sequence. Each band on the reverse side does not always extend over the full opening. This book consists of strips of deerskin, glued together, covered with stucco, and folded into 23 pages approximately 250 mm high by 280 mm wide. The obverse side describes the development of the royal lineage of Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) from the early 10th century onwards until the last precolonial king. In a parallel way, the reverse side focuses on the related dynasty of the village-state Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco to the Aztecs). All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/04270a76-27ae-474c-ae02-0671352d2df1.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0042","@type":"sc:Range","label":"p. 034: Reverse. Book II. The Dynasty of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco). Follows from p. 35.","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/bdd84c29-56b7-441e-a751-5385c2bf3a1c.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"p. 034"},{"label":"Description","value":"Reverse. Book II. The Dynasty of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco). Follows from p. 35."},{"label":"Description","value":"Written in boustrophedon manner, using pictography. 20 of these pages out of 23 are painted on both sides. The pages on the obverse side are numbered in the correct order, 1-20, but those on the reverse side run backwards 40-21, while the horizontal bands are indicated with Roman numerals from the top down: i-v. Due to the boustrophedon pattern, these numbers do not always correspond to the reading sequence. Each band on the reverse side does not always extend over the full opening. This book consists of strips of deerskin, glued together, covered with stucco, and folded into 23 pages approximately 250 mm high by 280 mm wide. The obverse side describes the development of the royal lineage of Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) from the early 10th century onwards until the last precolonial king. In a parallel way, the reverse side focuses on the related dynasty of the village-state Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco to the Aztecs). All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/bdd84c29-56b7-441e-a751-5385c2bf3a1c.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0043","@type":"sc:Range","label":"p. 035: Reverse. Book II. The Dynasty of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco).","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/65975b24-86e1-422a-ab70-c46d611f2892.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"p. 035"},{"label":"Description","value":"Reverse. Book II. The Dynasty of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco)."},{"label":"Description","value":"Written in boustrophedon manner, using pictography. 20 of these pages out of 23 are painted on both sides. The pages on the obverse side are numbered in the correct order, 1-20, but those on the reverse side run backwards 40-21, while the horizontal bands are indicated with Roman numerals from the top down: i-v. Due to the boustrophedon pattern, these numbers do not always correspond to the reading sequence. Each band on the reverse side does not always extend over the full opening. This book consists of strips of deerskin, glued together, covered with stucco, and folded into 23 pages approximately 250 mm high by 280 mm wide. The obverse side describes the development of the royal lineage of Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) from the early 10th century onwards until the last precolonial king. In a parallel way, the reverse side focuses on the related dynasty of the village-state Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco to the Aztecs). All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/65975b24-86e1-422a-ab70-c46d611f2892.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0044","@type":"sc:Range","label":"p. 036: Reverse. Book II. The Dynasty of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco). Follows from p. 37.","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/8c8d9cc8-bae7-4131-bbc2-a5ff41d85d6b.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"p. 036"},{"label":"Description","value":"Reverse. Book II. The Dynasty of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco). Follows from p. 37."},{"label":"Description","value":"Written in boustrophedon manner, using pictography. 20 of these pages out of 23 are painted on both sides. The pages on the obverse side are numbered in the correct order, 1-20, but those on the reverse side run backwards 40-21, while the horizontal bands are indicated with Roman numerals from the top down: i-v. Due to the boustrophedon pattern, these numbers do not always correspond to the reading sequence. Each band on the reverse side does not always extend over the full opening. This book consists of strips of deerskin, glued together, covered with stucco, and folded into 23 pages approximately 250 mm high by 280 mm wide. The obverse side describes the development of the royal lineage of Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) from the early 10th century onwards until the last precolonial king. In a parallel way, the reverse side focuses on the related dynasty of the village-state Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco to the Aztecs). All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/8c8d9cc8-bae7-4131-bbc2-a5ff41d85d6b.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0045","@type":"sc:Range","label":"p. 037: Reverse. Book II. The Dynasty of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco).","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/30daa21a-8f3d-48fc-b97b-f2247a83e728.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"p. 037"},{"label":"Description","value":"Reverse. Book II. The Dynasty of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco)."},{"label":"Description","value":"Written in boustrophedon manner, using pictography. 20 of these pages out of 23 are painted on both sides. The pages on the obverse side are numbered in the correct order, 1-20, but those on the reverse side run backwards 40-21, while the horizontal bands are indicated with Roman numerals from the top down: i-v. Due to the boustrophedon pattern, these numbers do not always correspond to the reading sequence. Each band on the reverse side does not always extend over the full opening. This book consists of strips of deerskin, glued together, covered with stucco, and folded into 23 pages approximately 250 mm high by 280 mm wide. The obverse side describes the development of the royal lineage of Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) from the early 10th century onwards until the last precolonial king. In a parallel way, the reverse side focuses on the related dynasty of the village-state Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco to the Aztecs). All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/30daa21a-8f3d-48fc-b97b-f2247a83e728.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0046","@type":"sc:Range","label":"p. 038: Reverse. Book II. The Dynasty of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco). Follows from p. 39.","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/2d7792f7-403b-4057-b441-cbfd05988ffa.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"p. 038"},{"label":"Description","value":"Reverse. Book II. The Dynasty of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco). Follows from p. 39."},{"label":"Description","value":"Written in boustrophedon manner, using pictography. 20 of these pages out of 23 are painted on both sides. The pages on the obverse side are numbered in the correct order, 1-20, but those on the reverse side run backwards 40-21, while the horizontal bands are indicated with Roman numerals from the top down: i-v. Due to the boustrophedon pattern, these numbers do not always correspond to the reading sequence. Each band on the reverse side does not always extend over the full opening. This book consists of strips of deerskin, glued together, covered with stucco, and folded into 23 pages approximately 250 mm high by 280 mm wide. The obverse side describes the development of the royal lineage of Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) from the early 10th century onwards until the last precolonial king. In a parallel way, the reverse side focuses on the related dynasty of the village-state Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco to the Aztecs). All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/2d7792f7-403b-4057-b441-cbfd05988ffa.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0047","@type":"sc:Range","label":"p. 039: Reverse. Book II. The Dynasty of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco).","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/ae5396f2-0b19-456a-9949-5fa192e316f3.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"p. 039"},{"label":"Description","value":"Reverse. Book II. The Dynasty of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco)."},{"label":"Description","value":"Written in boustrophedon manner, using pictography. 20 of these pages out of 23 are painted on both sides. The pages on the obverse side are numbered in the correct order, 1-20, but those on the reverse side run backwards 40-21, while the horizontal bands are indicated with Roman numerals from the top down: i-v. Due to the boustrophedon pattern, these numbers do not always correspond to the reading sequence. Each band on the reverse side does not always extend over the full opening. This book consists of strips of deerskin, glued together, covered with stucco, and folded into 23 pages approximately 250 mm high by 280 mm wide. The obverse side describes the development of the royal lineage of Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) from the early 10th century onwards until the last precolonial king. In a parallel way, the reverse side focuses on the related dynasty of the village-state Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco to the Aztecs). All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/ae5396f2-0b19-456a-9949-5fa192e316f3.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0048","@type":"sc:Range","label":"p. 040: Reverse. Start of Book II. The Dynasty of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco).","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/b298866c-dd27-4cf7-834e-7e3a4946a89c.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"p. 040"},{"label":"Description","value":"Reverse. Start of Book II. The Dynasty of Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco)."},{"label":"Description","value":"Written in boustrophedon manner, using pictography. 20 of these pages out of 23 are painted on both sides. The pages on the obverse side are numbered in the correct order, 1-20, but those on the reverse side run backwards 40-21, while the horizontal bands are indicated with Roman numerals from the top down: i-v. Due to the boustrophedon pattern, these numbers do not always correspond to the reading sequence. Each band on the reverse side does not always extend over the full opening. This book consists of strips of deerskin, glued together, covered with stucco, and folded into 23 pages approximately 250 mm high by 280 mm wide. The obverse side describes the development of the royal lineage of Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) from the early 10th century onwards until the last precolonial king. In a parallel way, the reverse side focuses on the related dynasty of the village-state Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco to the Aztecs). All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/b298866c-dd27-4cf7-834e-7e3a4946a89c.json"},{"@id":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/range/2b06f496-3092-43fb-b0c1-fd0b377dabbd/LOG_0049","@type":"sc:Range","label":"Lower cover: Back cover","canvases":["https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/0fdda20e-d084-41fb-9bc2-442191069927.json"],"metadata":[{"label":"Image Range","value":"Lower cover"},{"label":"Description","value":"Back cover"},{"label":"Description","value":"Written in boustrophedon manner, using pictography. 20 of these pages out of 23 are painted on both sides. The pages on the obverse side are numbered in the correct order, 1-20, but those on the reverse side run backwards 40-21, while the horizontal bands are indicated with Roman numerals from the top down: i-v. Due to the boustrophedon pattern, these numbers do not always correspond to the reading sequence. Each band on the obverse side extends over the full opening. As these photographs feature only one page at a time, half the narrative is missing and one needs to have the two facing pages to see it in full. The description therefore is concerned with the full opening, but what features on the facing page appears in square brackets. This book consists of strips of deerskin, glued together, covered with stucco, and folded into 23 pages approximately 250 mm high by 280 mm wide. The obverse side describes the development of the royal lineage of Ñuu Tnoo (Tilantongo) from the early 10th century onwards until the last precolonial king. In a parallel way, the reverse side focuses on the related dynasty of the village-state Ndisi Nuu (Tlaxiaco to the Aztecs). All individuals are identified by two types of names: the 'calendar name' which was their day of birth (the precolonial calendars of Middle America consisted of a sacred cycle of 260 days, formed by a combination of twenty signs, in a fixed sequence, with numbers from 1 to 13), and a more poetic 'given name' which often appears as a separate sign, close to or on top of the person's head. The style has much in common with that of Codex Selden, also in the Bodleian Library (MS. Arch. Selden. A. 2) which comes from Añute (Jaltepec), a neighbour of Ñuu Tnoo. Codex Bodley was probably painted in Ñuu Tnoo, the main village-state in the Mixtec Highlands, shortly before the Spanish conquest (1521)."},{"label":"Slide Roll Title","value":"MS. Mex. d. 1. ‘The Codex Bodley’."}],"startCanvas":"https://iiif.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/iiif/canvas/0fdda20e-d084-41fb-9bc2-442191069927.json"}]}